Active clinical trials for "Carcinoma"

The purpose of this research study is to collect information on whether images made using investigational microscopes can improve researchers' ability to evaluate and distinguish between normal and abnormal areas in tissue samples surgically removed from patients with squamous cell carcinoma. The microscopes being used in this study are considered investigational because they have not been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for finding abnormal or pre-cancerous areas.

Shear Wave Elastography (SWE™) is a quantitative elastography method for measuring tissue stiffness. The difference in stiffness between benign and malignant tumors has been demonstrated by other elastography methods (acoustic radiation force impulse imaging, transient elastography and/or magnetic resonance elastography). The investigators hypothesized that benign liver tumors are softer than malignant liver tumors measured by SWE™, allowing differentiation between the two by tumor stiffness expressed in kilopascal (kPa). In this study benign and malignant liver tumors will be evaluated in five groups: 1) hemangioma and 2) focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) representing the most common benign liver tumors; 3) metastases and 4) cholangiocarcinoma (CCC), both presenting malignant tumors mostly appearing in otherwise healthy liver, and 5) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mostly occurring in cirrhotic liver, which can potentially influence elastographic measurements therefore querying the appropriateness of comparison between tumors in healthy and cirrhotic liver. Enrolled patients will undergo transabdominal ultrasonography and SWE™ examination. The tumor stiffness will be measured five times for each tumor. Additionally, surrounding liver parenchyma stiffness will be measured. The nature of the liver tumor will be defined through a standard diagnostic workup according to current guidelines, including contrast enhanced multi-slice CT, MRI and/or cytology/histology, as applicable. In the final analysis the mean tumor stiffness and tumor-parenchyma ratio will be calculated for each group as well as for benign and malignant tumors separately, and cut-off values for the differentiation of various groups will be derived. The clinical value of the method will be appraised based on specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values, and AUC.

The purpose of this study is to do health economic evaluation of tomotherapy and dynamic arctherapy (2 techniques exist: RapidArc and Vmat). This study evaluate also local disease control after 18 months in patients with an ENT epidermoid carcinoma and treated by tomotherapy orarctherapy . The number of patients required in this study is: 300: Number of patients treated with tomotherapy: 120 Number of patients treated with dynamic arctherapy RapidArc: 120 Number of patients treated with dynamic arctherapy Vmat: 60 This is a prospective; multicentric and non randomized study.

The purpose of this study is to utilize dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) to investigate changes in tumor iodine concentration in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Dual-energy computerized tomography could easily replace a standard CT neck with the added benefit of providing functional information that would only be possible with advanced computerized tomography perfusion, magnetic resonance diffusion (MRI) or positron emission tomography (PET) imaging techniques.

Ovarian carcinoma has poor prognosis and new therapeutic strategies are required. Many patients with ovarian carcinoma showed resistance to chemotherapy. Cleaved FasL is known for induced atypical response when is binding to Fas such as avoiding apoptosis and inducing cell motility.

Primary objectives: To develop peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI) for ovarian cancer, tubal cancer and primary peritoneal cancer that can represent perioperative intraperitoneal tumor burden objectively Secondary objectives: To establish the relationship and find out clinical significance between PCI, tumor location and tumor characteristics

Standard treatment for kidney cancer is to remove the tumors from the body with surgery. The purpose of this clinical trial is to collect, preserve, and store excess kidney cancer tumor specimens that would normally be discarded after surgery.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate a new instrument that shines light and takes digital pictures of skin. The goal is to develop a technique that may enable fast and accurate assessment of surgical margins in the excision of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The investigators will evaluate the pictures obtained by the confocal microscope to determine whether this technique may be useful in the future for helping Mohs surgeons remove cancers. In the future, patients may benefit with shorter surgery and improved care.

i. To determine whether Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy (CLE) with optical biopsy and targeted mucosal biopsy improves the diagnostic yield of gastric IM/IN/CA in high risk populations compared to WLE with standard biopsy protocol. ii. To determine whether CLE with optical biopsy and targeted biopsy, as compared to WLE with standard biopsy, can reduce the number of biopsies needed per patient for detection of gastric IM/IN/carcinoma without the loss of corresponding diagnostic yield. iii. To compare the sensitivity and specificity of CLE with WLE for the detection of gastric IM/IN/CA.

This research trial studies deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) samples from younger patients with germ cell tumor and their parents or siblings. Studying samples of tumor tissue and saliva from patients with cancer in the laboratory may help doctors learn more about changes that occur in DNA and identify biomarkers related to cancer.