Active clinical trials for "Obesity, Abdominal"

How effectively intravenous nalbuphine can reduce the incidence of PONV after intrathecal administration of morphine in abdominoplastic surgery.

The prevalence of maternal obesity is increasing rapidly worldwide and constitutes an important obstetric problem that increases mortality and morbidity in both mothers and infants. Obese women are prone to pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and children of obese mothers are more likely to develop cardiovascular and metabolic disease later in life. The risk of developing GDM in obese pregnants is 1.3-3.8 times higher than in pregnant women with a normal body mass index, and approximately 70% of women with GDM remain at risk of developing type 2 diabetes until 28 years postpartum. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects approximately 6% of pregnant women and its prevalence is increasing in parallel with the obesity epidemic. GDM is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including macrosomia, preterm delivery, neonatal hypoglycemia, neonatal jaundice, and congenital anomalies. It is also associated with a higher incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus after birth. It is known that visceral adipose tissue increases in obese women. It is thought that there is a relationship between visceral adipose tissue increase and diabetes. In this study, the levels of new adipocytokines such as Visfatin, Vaspin and Omentin secreted from visceral adipose tissue in patients diagnosed with GDM will be measured.

Visceral obesity is a major risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and coronary artery disease. In clinical settings and during research, "body mass index (BMI)" is usually used for assessing obesity, and when it is above 30 kg/m2, it is defined as obesity. However, the risk posed by obesity is more related to body fat distribution than total body fat, and BMI only reflects the second. Individuals with a BMI below 30, even 25, may still have visceral adiposity detectable via an abdominal computerized tomography ( CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Therefore new, practical, inexpensive parameters are needed to evaluate visceral adiposity. "Metabolic Score for Visceral Adiposity (METS-VF)", "Body Shape Index (BSI)", "Conicity Index (CI)" and "Body Roundness Index (BRI)" are a few recent indexes developed trying to fulfill these needs. The aim is to investigate the effectivity of METS-VF in comparison with BMI, BSI, CI, and BRI in reflecting visceral adiposity assessed with CT.

People who originate from the Indian subcontinent known as South Asians are the fastest growing group of non-white Canadians. They suffer an excess prevalence of abdominal obesity, type 2 diabetes and heart disease. They also develop these risk factors at significantly lower body weight and at younger ages compared to people of European origin. The purpose of SAHARA (South Asian HeArt Risk Assessment) Trial, is to recruit 330 South Asians from Ontario (Principal Investigator: Dr. Sonia Anand) and British Columbia (Co-investigator: Dr. Scott Lear), who use the internet, email and other multimedia devices. Among these participants, the investigators will compare the effectiveness of a 12-month interactive multi-media health behaviour intervention to usual care in reducing cardiac risk factors. This intervention enables participants to set their health goals and provides health messaging and feedback designed to improve their smoking, dietary habits and physical activity. In addition, the investigators will test if knowledge of genetic risk for heart attack influences behaviour change and their heart health risk factor profile. The information generated from SAHARA will enable individuals, physicians, health professionals, and policy makers to develop risk factor modification programs to prevent cardiovascular disease in this high-risk group.

The purpose of this study is to better understand why some women who survived cancer or a related illness later develop diabetes, problems with their cholesterol, or other problems that may lead to heart disease. Because these problems may be related to treatment with total body irradiation and a stem cell transplant, the investigators will compare the rates of obesity, cholesterol problems, and diabetes between women who were treated with total body irradiation and a stem cell transplant and women who were not. The amount and location of fat stores in the abdomen is more important than overall weight or total body fat in the development of diabetes and cholesterol problems. In general, fat can be stored in several areas in the abdomen: around the organs (visceral fat), under the skin (subcutaneous fat), and in the liver (liver fat). People with higher amounts of fat around the organs (visceral fat), even those with a normal weight, are more likely to become diabetic or have high cholesterol. The amount of fat in each of these areas can be measured with an abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study, the investigators will use blood tests, height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure measurements, and an abdominal MRI to evaluate for several risk factors of heart disease, including cholesterol problems, diabetes and pre-diabetes, elevated blood pressure, and increased abdominal fat.

Obesity is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular-related diseases, including diabetes and heart disease. Obesity, and more specifically abdominal obesity, may cause decreased growth hormone (GH) levels. It is believed that GH deficiency may contribute to increased cardiovascular risk by affecting insulin resistance, inflammatory markers, and blood cholesterol levels. This study will determine the occurrence of GH deficiency in abdominal obesity and whether GH deficiency is associated with increased cardiovascular risk beyond traditional risk factors.

Our previous randomized controlled trial has recruited 220 subjects with central obesity and allocated the subjects to the non-exercise control, moderate exercise and vigorous exercise groups. The purpose of our previous study was to investigate the effect of moderate and vigorous exercise on improvement of fatty liver. Those subjects will be followed up for incident diabetes at 2 year and 10 year since randomization. The subjects will be invited to participate in on-site visit at 2 and 10 year. Questionaire forms will be collected and fasting plasma glucose level and HbA1c were measured. The history of diabetes and anti-diabetic medication will be recorded. The incident diabetes will be evaluated.

While perirenal fat measurement is an easy reproducible surrogate of visceral fat, its value as independent parameter in predicting postoperative complications after colorectal resection remains poorly investigated. The investigators want to test the value of perirenal fat as surrogate of visceral obesity as risk factor for morbidity in colorectal surgery and to compare it to the effect of Body mass index (BMI) and Waist- Hip ratio (WHR).

A retrospective review of body composition outcomes of participants of a comprehensive visceral-fat focused anti-obesity program. Data from approximately 2000-2500 participants are expected to be included in the study.

Adipose tissue secreting a number of adipokines which regulate insulin sensitivity, energy metabolism and vascular homeostasis, so the dysfunction of adipose tissue is linked with the incidence of obesity accompanied with insulin resistance, hypertension and cardiovascular disease (1). Obesity is known to alters the expression of adipokines due to the adipose tissue hypertrophy (2), including adiponectin, in which able to exert a potent anti-inflammatory and vascular protective effect (2). It has been proposed that adiponectin acts to prevent the vascular dysfunction due to obesity and diabetes by improves insulin sensitivity and metabolic profiles to reduce the risk factors for cardiovascular disease and protects the vasculature through its pleiotropic actions on endothelial cells, endothelial progenitor cells, smooth muscle cells and macrophages (1). The concentrations of adiponectin of 5 to 25 mg/mL had a significant inhibitory effect on the expression of monocyte adhesion and adhesion molecule induced by TNF-α in vitro. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease in which adhesion molecules on arterial endothelial cells are responsible for the accumulation of monocytes/macrophages and T lymphocytes. While obesity is low-grade inflammation in which make a contribution on endothelial dysfunction by increasing the oxygen-derived free radicals (ROS) due to adipocyte hypertrophy, leads to an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction (3). Adiponectin is accumulated in the vasculature, and it reduced on obesity due to suppression by TNF-α and lead to adiponectin-deficiency which stimulate the significant increases of Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1) and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1) or known as CD54 in aortic intima (4). Here we investigate the level of adiponectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 with the incidence of MetS in obese adolescents.