Active clinical trials for "Cognitive Dysfunction"

Probiotics, due to their ability to modulate intestinal flora, intestinal permeability and immune response, could decrease bacterial translocation and improve immune system alterations in cirrhosis. This could lead not only to improvement in liver function and to prevent bacterial infections and other complications but also to improve CD and to avoid its consequences falls, HRQoL deterioration). Recently, the investigators have observed that VSL#3 administration to rats with experimental cirrhosis decreases bacterial translocation, inflammatory response and ascites formation, without changes in intestinal flora. This suggests an improvement in intestinal barrier that deserves further investigation. VSL#3, through decreasing intestinal bacterial translocation and immune system modulation, could improve cognitive function and prevent the consequences of CD, including falls and HRQoL deterioration, in patients with cirrhosis.

The study will examine whether the effects of computerized brain training are enhanced when training is combined with mild brain stimulation in patients with mild cognitive impairment. We hypothesize that this combination will produce greater improvements in cognitive functioning than computerized brain training alone.

The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of the Ubiquitous Spaced Retrieval-based Memory Advancement and Rehabilitation Training (U-SMART) in the elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by an open-label, controlled, crossover Trial.

Difficulties with intellectual functioning, particularly memory functions, are common and source of long-term disability after Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). However, there is very little information about pharmacologic (i.e., medication) treatments targeting these deficits. There are growing data showing brain abnormalities in acetylcholine, the chemical system that manages memory, in TBI. These findings provide the rationale for the use of cholinesterase inhibitors, medications that modulate this system, in TBI patients. As the prevalence of TBI among Veterans of recent military conflicts increases, becoming a "signature injury" of the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts, it is of utmost importance to the Veterans Health Administration to collect scientific data on the efficacy of pharmacological treatments for intellectual difficulties in TBI patients. This study will evaluate the effects of the cholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine transdermal patch in Veterans with TBI and posttraumatic memory problems. Results will provide much needed data that will help treat Veterans with TBI.

The purpose of this study is to determine if EVP-6124 (an alpha-7 nAChR agonist) enhances the cognitive abilities of subjects with Schizophrenia who are also taking stable antipsychotic therapy.

This study is being conducted to further investigate the safety of prolonged exposure to EVP-6124 in subjects with Schizophrenia receiving a stable dose of an atypical antipsychotic who completed double-blind treatment on studies EVP-6124-015 and EVP-6124-016.

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group study will assess the effect on biomarkers measures of cognitive dysfunction, the clinical efficacy and safety of RO4917838 in participants with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Participants will be randomized to receive either RO4917838 (10 milligrams [mg] daily orally) or placebo for 6 weeks, in addition to their stable antipsychotic medication. Anticipated time on study treatment is 6 weeks.

The investigators hypothesis are as follows: H1a: OEF/OIF veterans with PTSD who perform cognitive training (CT) will demonstrate greater objective improvements on standard (untrained) neurocognitive measures, with the largest gains in verbal memory, learning and sustained attention. H1b: Objective cognitive improvements in CT participants will be sustained at three months post-intervention, suggesting persistence of neuroplasticity-based cognitive training benefits. H2a: OEF/OIF veterans with PTSD who perform CT will report greater improvements in cognitive function. H2b: OEF/OIF veterans with PTSD who perform CT will demonstrate improved social and occupational functioning and quality of life. H2c: OEF/OIF veterans with PTSD who perform CT will demonstrate greater improvements in community reintegration.

Cognitively normal individuals, patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer's Disease (AD) will undergo clinical screening, neuropsychological tests, blood and urine analyses, quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and proton (1H ) and carbon 13 (13C) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Each individual will receive minocycline oral administration for 4 weeks initially, after which MRI, MRS and neuropsychological results will be recorded. If no adverse side effects occur, subjects will continue minocycline administration for an additional 5 months.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether treatment with the investigational drug ladostigil will delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease(AD) in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). MCI is now recognized as a precursor to AD and clinical tools are available to assess cognitive performance at this earlier stage. Ladostigil is currently under investigation for the treatment of AD. In this study, the investigators will be examining ladostigil at a lower dose level. At this dose level, ladostigil has been shown to reduce signs of early memory loss in animals. Thus, in this study the investigators are attempting to determine if earlier invention with a lower dose of ladostigil will significantly reduce initial memory loss and delay the subsequent progression to more serious cognitive dysfunction.