Active clinical trials for "Coronary Artery Disease"

Treatment of bifurcation coronary lesions may be challenging, and the best technique to be used in these settings remains to be established. While a single stent strategy is simpler and has been often encouraged, a number of studies show that the use of modern stent implantation techniques may bring some advantages in terms of target lesion failure during longer follow-up. Further, single-stent procedures are not possible at all in some settings, for instance when both main and side branch have similar diameters and present both relevant disease, particularly when the angle between the vessels is lower than 70°. Recent randomized data demonstrate the superiority of the technique called double kissing and crush (DK-Crush) over provisional stenting in this setting. The DK-Crush technique is however cumbersome, time-consuming and requires very experienced operators. The investigators therefore plan to undertake a randomized study comparing a novel interventional technique against DK-crush in the setting of true bifurcation lesions (Medina lesions type 1,1,1 or 0,1,1).

Ischemic mitral regurgitation (MR) and coronary artery disease is common and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Ischemic MR has been traditionally treated surgically through either valve repair or replacement at the time of concomitant bypass grafting. Although patients with ischemic MR represent a heterogeneous group, outcomes for these patients over the intermediate term is poor owing to left ventricle (LV) dysfunction causing MR and the presence of coronary disease, which portends poor survival. There is an emergence of percutaneous therapies to treat MR which have been shown to be a less invasive, safe, and viable approach to treat comorbid patients. The decision to treat ischemic MR either surgically or percutaneously is influenced by the presence of coronary disease and the ability to provide adequate revascularization. Mitral valve surgery concomitant to surgical revascularization, however, is associated with a several fold increase in mortality. In fact, the incremental risk increase is further magnified in high-risk patients. We therefore propose a novel prospective study to guide intervention for ischemic MR. Patients will be randomized to undergo surgical therapy with either mitral repair/replacement and/or concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting OR percutaneous mitral repair, followed by coronary artery bypass grafting.

Rationale: Two-thirds of intracoronary thrombi causing acute coronary syndrome (ACS) result from rupture of lipid-rich plaques (LRP). After treatment of the culprit lesion in ACS patients, additional LRPs are found in approximately 50% of patients. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with intracoronary ultrasound (IVUS) can identify these vulnerable plaques during coronary angiography (CAG) and is able to assess plaque characteristics and the lipid-core burden index in a 4mm segment (LCBImm4). It is currently unknown whether treatment of LRPs leads to plaque stabilization, potentially reducing the number of subsequent ACS. We hypothesize that LRPs can be treated with balloons coated with an antiproliferative drug (i.e. drug-eluting balloons; DEB) to deliver selective pharmacotherapeutic treatment to halt the local atherosclerotic process and subsequently reduce the risk for atherosclerotic events. Objectives: To determine the change in plaque characteristics of non-culprit LRPs, as measured with IVUS/NIRS, after treatment with DEB in patients with ACS. Study design: Prospective single-arm clinical trial Study population: Patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes Intervention: If a LRP is detected with IVUS/NIRS, it will be treated with DEB. In case multiple LRPs are detected, only one will be treated. Main study endpoints: The difference in LCBImm4 between baseline and 9 months of plaques treated with DEB.

The aim of this study is to study whether the use of complex 3-dimensional assessment of the severity of a stenosis improves angina and in general cardiovascular outcomes in patients who have residual intermediate coronary artery stenosis following an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Goals of the study are: To investigate whether decision-making based on quantitative flow reserve (QFR) is associated with a decrease in angina 3 months after an ACS To investigate whether use of QFR is associated with an improved prognosis.

This prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled, open-label clinical study has a target enrollment of 240 subjects. It will explore whether STEMI patients transferred to a PCI center following thrombolytic therapy and expected to have stent implantation might benefit from an alternative treatment strategy and the use of new technologies designed to improve myocardial protection throughout the medical care process.

Patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) often have concomitant coronary artery disease (CAD) which may adversely affect prognosis. There is uncertainty about the benefits and the optimal timing of revascularization for such patients. There is currently clinical equipoise regarding the management of concomitant CAD in patients undergoing TAVR. Some centers perform routine revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (either before or after TAVR), while others follow an alternative strategy of medical management. The potential benefits and optimal timing of PCI in these patients are unknown. As TAVR expands to lower risk patients, and potentially becomes the preferred therapy for the majority of patients with severe aortic stenosis, the optimal management of concomitant coronary artery disease will be of increasing importance. The COMPLETE TAVR study will determine whether, on a background of guideline-directed medical therapy, a strategy of complete revascularization involving staged PCI using drug eluting stents to treat all suitable coronary artery lesions is superior to a strategy of medical therapy alone in reducing the composite outcome of Cardiovascular Death, new Myocardial Infarction, Ischemia-driven Revascularization or Hospitalization for Unstable Angina or Heart Failure. The study will be a randomized, multicenter, open-label trial with blinded adjudication of outcomes. Patients will be screened and consented for elective transfemoral TAVR and randomized within 96 hours of successful balloon expandable TAVR. Complete Revascularization: Staged PCI using third generation drug eluting stents to treat all suitable coronary artery lesions in vessels that are at least 2.5 mm in diameter and that are amenable to treatment with PCI and have a ≥70% visual angiographic diameter stenosis. Staged PCI can occur any time from 1 to 45 days post successful transfemoral TAVR. Vs. Medical Therapy Alone: No further revascularization of coronary artery lesions. All patients, regardless of randomized treatment allocation, will receive guideline-directed medical therapy consisting of risk factor modification and use of evidence-based therapies. The COMPLETE TAVR study will help address the current lack of evidence in this area. It will likely impact both the global delivery of health care and the management and clinical outcomes of all patients undergoing TAVR with concomitant CAD.

Different trials have shown that fractional flow reserve (FFR) could successfully guide revascularization in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). It is conceivable that a similar revascularization guidance could be useful also for surgical revascularization i.e. coronary by-pass graft (CABG). Experience learns that grafts placed on vessels with hemodynamically non-significant stenosis often occlude due to competitive antegrade flow. Resting full-cycle Flow Ratio (RFR) is a measurement performed to evaluate the hemodynamic severity of coronary stenosis. Differently from FFR which is a measurement performed in maximal hyperemia, the RFR is a measurement that is performed in rest and therefore may predict better than FFR the baseline equilibriums that could lead to graft failure, while it has similar capacity to identify hemodynamically significant stenosis as FFR. It is unknown whether RFR guided CABG revascularization is superior as compared to angiography alone.

Aim of the clinical monocentric study is to assess the resistance training exercise intervention in patients with Heart Failure with reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) and coronary artery disease that will best improve peak oxygen uptake (Peak Vo2) and leg strength (assessed Isokinetic). The investigators hypothesize that resistance training exercise with induced a high stress metabolic is more important exercise with induced than a lower stress metabolic.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most common causes of mortality worldwide. Despite drug eluting stents (DES) are the most common treatment strategy, drug-coated balloons (DCB) represent an appealing alternative to DES as they eliminate the risk of stent thrombosis and do not leave any type of metallic structure in the vessel wall. However, the evidence of the vessel wall healing processes, plaque remodeling, plaque composition and impact on coronary microcirculation after PCI with DCB have not yet been characterized. The purpose of this study is to assess the changes in percentage atheroma volume evaluated by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in patients undergoing DCB-PCI.

Diseased left Anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) is one of the most challenging conditions in Bypass surgery. we investigate whether on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is more beneficial in those critical patients or off-pump surgery.