Active clinical trials for "Delirium"

Emergence delirium (ED) (also called emergence agitation) can be defined as a "dissociated state of consciousness in which the child is irritable, uncompromising, uncooperative, incoherent and inconsolable crying, moaning, kicking or thrashing". Tonsillectomy (with or without adenoidectomy) is a routinely performed operation. Emergence agitation is a frequent phenomenon in children recovering from general anesthesia for tonsillectomy, and increases risk of self-injury. It's not unusual for the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) staff look that a child, who was asleep just minutes before, starts screaming, pulling out his intravenous line, looks like he's about to fall out of his bed. This condition requires sedatives that may cause undesirable side effects. The cause of emergence delirium and the mechanism of agitation following general anesthesia is unknown. Probably the volatile agents work on some pathways, possibly in the locus coeruleus or amygdala, in the setting of a specific neurodevelopmental stage of the brain. While emergence delirium can be seen into adulthood, its peak incidence is in younger children (2-7 years of age). The incidence of ED is unclear: anywhere from 2-80%, but when confounders like pain, nausea etc. are controlled, the incidence is probably around 20-30%. Limited data suggest that acupuncture may be a safe, nonpharmacological treatment for the reduction of pain and agitation in term and preterm infants and that may be an alternative method for preventing ED. In particular a prospective, randomized, double-bind controlled study demonstrated a reduction of the ED in many surgeries, after the electrical stimulation of the heart 7 acupuncture site. Nearly 400 acupuncture points are known on the body surface and they belong to 14 meridians, running along the human body. After the needle peeling, the nervous free terminations release some polypeptid (the most important is the substantia P) and it increases the excitability of the near nervous free terminations which cause vasodilatation. It has a myorelaxant effect, decreases the level for pain tolerance and make stronger the inhibitor effect of descendent fibers, with production of endogenous endorphins. This is the reason why acupuncture is considered valid in prevention and control of ED.

The use of physical restraints is common practice in Intensive Care Units (ICU). This medically prescribed procedure requires full attention of medical and paramedical teams for its implementation, monitoring and ending, as a major restriction of patients' individual freedom. French highest authority for health has defined, for geriatrics and psychiatric units, ten criteria of good practice for physical restraints' use. Routine practice reports critically ill patients' safety as main reason of use. This decision, often left to the sole discretion of nurses, varies according to their own representation of this risk, and depends on several factors: seniority in ICU, nurse to patient ratio and personal workload. In order to reduce practices subjectivity and heterogeneity, we have developed a decision-making tool for physical restraints implementation. This tool is based on objective scales used on a daily basis concerning neurological status (Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) and Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU)). Disorientation or delirium can lead to severe incidents by promoting accidental removing of important devices such as arterial of venous line, drains among others. However, physical restraints are recognized as a major cause of delirium and agitation. Critically ill patients require rigorous evaluation of organ dysfunctions necessitating adequate invasive equipments, with associated risks of unexpected removal or alteration. Such events could urge caregivers to use physical restraints. Based on recent literature, about a third of ICU patients are restrained, and accidental deconditioning is mainly observed within these particular patients. In addition, three categories of patients have been defined according to the invasive nature of their equipment and therefore according to the risk associated with an unexpected withdrawal. Finally, presence of patient's family and their adherence to its surveillance were also implemented into the tool. Main study objective is to jointly investigate effectiveness and tolerance of a decision-making tool guiding physical restraints use in ICU patients.

Postoperative delirium in older adults is a common and costly complication after surgery. Propofol and sevoflurane are commonly used anesthetics to maintain sedation during spine surgery, and have different sedative and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this trial will be compare the impact of propofol versus sevoflurane on incidence of postoperative delirium in elderly patients after spine surgery.

Lumbar vertebra surgery is one of the most common surgical procedures.Delirium is common in geriatric patients after lumbar spinae surgery.postoperative delirium usually occurs in the early postoperative period and delays patient mobilization and thus lengthens hospital stay. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of this field block on postoperative delirium in patients undergoing ESP with lomber vertebra surgery and with ultrasound guidance for postoperative analgesia.

Delirium is the most common neurological adverse outcome in elderly surgical patients. It is associated with an increased mortality and morbidity, including need for prolonged hospital stay and institutional care. Despite this, there are no effective preventive strategies. Melatonin is a hormone released from the pineal gland. It is used to improve sleep quality and to treat jet lag. Small studies have suggested that it can decrease the chances of delirium. Since the existing literature is small and uncertain, it is important to test its benefit in a large sample to help guide clinicians. This proposed trial is aimed at testing assessing the feasibility of a large, multi-center, randomized control trial to decrease the incidence of postoperative delirium.

The R2D2-ICU study will be a prospective, parallel-group, open label, multicenter (6 centers) randomized controlled trial. All consecutive eligible patients will be included. Patients will be randomly assigned (1/1 ratio) to either systematic PR use (systematic use group) or restrictive PR use (restrictive use group). Patients in the restrictive PR group will be subjected to PR only in case of severe agitation defined by a RASS ≥ +3. Physical restraint will consist of wrist straps. In both groups, patients will receive standardized management for analgesia, sedation, delirium detection, weaning and early mobilization according to current guidelines. Concealment will be obtained using a computer-generated randomization scheme of various-sized blocks stratified by center, age (< or ≥ 65 years) and coma at the beginning of invasive mechanical ventilation (D0)) through a centralized 24h/24h internet service. Investigation blinded to group assignment is not feasible. In both arms, patients' arousal will be evaluated twice a day until day 14 with the use of RASS. Patients with a RASS of -5 or -4 will be considered comatose (and will not be assessed for delirium). Patients with a RASS score ≥ -3 will be assessed for delirium with the use of the CAM-ICU scale twice a day.

Remimazolam is an ultra-short acting benzodiazepine agonist which is used widely for general anesthesia and sedation. Remimazolam has several advantages. Remimazolam is rapidly metabolized by tissue esterase that it does not accumulate even after infusion for long periods of time. The presence of reversal agents (flumazenil) is also advantageous. Also, hemodynamic stability compared to propofol gives clinicians preference to use for geriatric anesthesia. However, the study on the effect of remimazolam compared to propofol on postoperative delirium have not been carried out. The purpose of the study is to compare the incidence of postoperative delirium and recovery profile in elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery using either remimazolam or propofol.

Delirium is a disturbance in consciousness with reduced ability to focus, sustain, or shift attention that occurs over a short period of time and tends to fluctuate over the course of the day. 50% to 81.7% had delirium during their ICU hospitalization. Delirium is associated with increased physical restraint, ventilation use, length of ICU stay, and mortality. However, there is no established delirium care pathway in target hospital. Chen et al. (2014) demonstrated that structured assessment stations with immediate feedback may improve overall learning efficiency over an EBP workshop alone. However, no published delirium care education study has used OSCEs as an intervention for healthcare professionals. The aim is to evaluate the effects of implementing a Scenario- based education intervention, including objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) on delirium care among healthcare professionals. This is a knowledge translation research, builds on eight years of delirium care research in University of Wollongong, Australia. The research will be undertaken at ICUs in a medical center in northern of Taiwan. There are two phases: (1) systematic review to identify delirium screen tool, and (2) a randomized controlled trial was conducted to determine the effects of implementing a Scenario-based education intervention, including OSCE (experimental group), and on-line education only (control group) focused on recognition and management of delirium. The hypothesis is: Scenario-based education intervention, including OSCE can increase the competence and self-efficacy among healthcare professionals in delirium care.

This phase II/IIII trial studies how well haloperidol and lorazepam work in controlling symptoms of persistent agitated delirium in patients with cancer that has spread to other places in the body undergoing palliative care. Haloperidol and lorazepam may help in controlling symptoms of agitated delirium in patients with cancer and may lessen any distress that their caregivers may be experiencing.

The investigators have developed a proprietary blend of amino acids that they think will help to prevent or reduce the severity of delirium in older people who are hospitalized for certain infections. In this study, up to 45 people will be enrolled. 15 will be asked to drink this blend twice a day for up to 4 days, and 15 will drink a placebo (sugar water) for the same time period. The other 15 subjects will be non-delirious control subjects who do not consume any study products.