Active clinical trials for "Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2"

Diabetes control is often assessed by tests of glucose levels over time, such as the glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fructosamine. In the later stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) there is limited data available on the utility of these tests. There are reasons to believe that the tests may be less accurate in this population. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) offers an effective method for understanding the totality of glucose exposure and incidence of both hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic excursions.

Diabetes is an independent risk factor for ischemic heart disease (CAD) and heart failure, and cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with diabetes. Recent studies on cardiovascular outcomes have shown that type 2 sodium glucose co-transporter (SGLT-2i) inhibitors are not only effective in improving glycometabolic control, but are also able to reduce major CV events (MACE) and hospitalization for heart failure. However, it is still unclear whether the beneficial CV effects of treatment with SGLT2i are due to indirect mechanisms such as reduction in blood pressure, improvement of vascular stiffness, reduction in body weight and visceral adiposity, reduction in uricemia or whether they have effects direct on the heart. Recently, it was shown that in nondiabetic porcine model with heart failure, the treatment with empagliflozin was associated with a switch of myocardial fuel utilization from glucose uptake toward uptake of ketone bodies and free fatty acid, thereby improving myocardial energetics, enhancing LV systolic function, and ameliorating adverse LV remodeling. It is not known whether empagliflozin treatment is able to modify the heart's energy metabolism even in humans. In this study we hypothesize that empagliflozin may determine beneficial CV effects reducing myocardial metabolic rate of glucose assessed by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp 18F-FDG PET scans in patients with type 2 diabetes. This is a single-center, prospective, controlled, randomized, open-label, two parallel group and switch, active-comparator study that evaluates the comparative effects of 26 weeks of treatment with empagliflozin versus glimepiride add on metformin on myocardial metabolic rate of glucose estimated through 18F-FGD-PET scan in patients with type 2 diabetes without a history of coronary heart disease. At the end of 26 weeks of treatment, subjects belonging to the first group will be shifted to glimepiride therapy, while subjects belonging to the second group will be shifted to empagliflozin treatment for 26 weeks. All subjects, then, will control themselves.

A 2-period randomized cross-over trial will be conducted to determine the effect of incorporating 1 medium size potato, compared to an isocaloric portion of refined grains, on fasting glucose levels, insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, lipids and lipoproteins, arterial stiffness, body weight, gut microbiome, and dietary intake.

This study will be conducted as a randomized, multi-centre, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study in patients receiving SoC therapy. Eligible participants will be randomized in a ratio of 1:1 to receive either test product, TRC041266 1500 mg or matching placebo twice daily for 48 weeks

This study will test the preliminary effects of an intervention to reduce sugary drinks among low-income parents (n=38)(primary caregivers) and their young children (6 months-3 year olds) compared to a control group (n=38). The main outcome is behavioral: sugary drink consumption (self-reported servings/day) among parents and among their children (parent-reported servings/day). These outcomes are measured at baseline and immediately after the 12-week intervention. An exploratory aim will test if the intervention has a sustained behavioral effect and an effect on body mass index and waist circumference of the parents 12 months after baseline. Our mixed methods multi-phase approach includes a quantitative component (randomized controlled trial - Aim 1) and a qualitative component (in-depth interviews and focus groups- Aim 2) to test the effects of a behavioral intervention to replace sugary drinks with water at home.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a global health emergency, since its prevalence has become alarming in many countries in the previous years. Because of the increasing healthcare requirement, it has also progressively become an economic burden for every country. From the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Atlas (International Diabetes Federation, 2015), 415 million people worldwide were estimated to have DM in 2015 and this figure is expected to rise to 642 million in 2040. DM contributed to 5 million adult deaths globally in 2015. Mauritius has one of the highest DM prevalence in the world (24.3% prevalence for ages 20 - 79) for 2015 (International Diabetes Federation, 2015). 2,932 adult died due to Diabetes, and the average cost of DM related problems amount to 2 billion rupees per year. The Mauritius Non Communicable Diseases Survey (Ministry of Health and Quality of Life, 2015) reports an estimated 257,442 people between the ages of 25 and 74 with Diabetes in Mauritius. A high prevalence of pre-diabetes is also noted, which may subsequently result in diabetes and heart disease, if not appropriately managed. The DM epidemic has a significant impact locally and globally, calling for urgent remedial strategies to curb the spread. Studies have shown that patient's self-care including monitoring of blood glucose improve glycemic control (Allemann et al, 2009; Skeie et al, 2009; Istepanian et al, 2009). Patients are currently empowered through face to face counselling, websites, social media and other state of the art technologies. The use of smart phones for self-monitoring of blood glucose has shown to have substantial beneficial effects (Liang et al, 2011; Pal et al 2014). This project aims at using mobile technologies to instil behavioural changes in people living with DM and pre-diabetes in an attempt to alleviate the long term problems associated with DM. More precisely, it will constitute the development of an autonomous system for self-management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Mauritius. The prototype will be tested for feasibility among patients with T2DM and pre-diabetes. It is expected that the proposed system will help to reduce the financial burden on the healthcare system in Mauritius through patient empowerment and improved self-care in the long run.

Among Jordanians, there is a high prevalence of T2DM. VDD has also spread rapidly in the past decade. Preliminary results of recent studies have shown that VD3 has a potential role in reducing FBG. Notably, the impact of VD3 supplementation on glycemic control in diabetics, as well as pre-diabetics, remains highly controversial. Some studies have shown that osteocalcin (OSC) is correlated with fat mass, sensitivity to and secretion of insulin, glucose metabolism, and glycemic variability. In mice, OSC injections improved insulin sensitivity and prevent obesity. A more recent study has found that T2DM was inversely correlated with osteocalcin levels . There is a strong correlation between OSC and fibroblastic factor -23 (FBF-23). Many recent studies have correlated FBF-23 as well as vitamin D levels with some of the pathological conditions such as chronic kidney failure, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. They stated possible interrelationships between insulin resistance, Hyperinsulinemia, and/or lower VD3 levels may lead to decreased serum FGF-23 concentrations in obese children and adolescents. Therefore, serum FGF-23 has been suggested to be a potential indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Background:Knee osteoarthritis is more common in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus, however it is not known whether this effect is caused by diabetes itself or concominant abdominal obesity. Objectives:The aim of this study is to determine whether type-2 diabetes itself, independent of abdominal obesity, is a risk factor for femoral cartilage, knee osteoarthritis and poor quality of life. Design:A cross-sectional design. Settings:Training and research hospital in Turkey. Patients and Methods:Female patients was enrolled in this study and divided into two groups: according to presence or absence of diabetes. Later, both the patients with and without abdominal obesity was divided into two groups according the presence of diabetes. Main Outcome measures:Clinical parameters were visual analog-scale, gait speed and short form-36. Knee radiographs were evaluated according to Kellgren Lawrance-Scale. And ultrasonography parameters were the measurements of distal femoral cartilage thickness. Sample size:126

Regular consumption of dairy products is found to negatively associated with metabolic diseases and improve body composition in long term studies and has positive effect on acute glycemia control and satiety. However, new Canada's Food Guide released in 2019 promotes a shift from traditional dairy products to plant-based dairy alternatives. The present study examines the effect of traditional dairy products in comparison with plant-based alternatives on glycemic response and satiety.

This study is a pilot study carried out to assess the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of an intensive lifestyle intervention, implemented virtually by a multidisciplinary team, in patients living with advanced insulin-treated T2DM. This 24-week study will include 2 pre-intervention virtual visits and 15 virtual visits during the intervention.