Active clinical trials for "Diabetes, Gestational"

The purpose of this study is to modify an existing Reproductive Health intervention for adolescents with diabetes for Gestational Diabetes and make it culturally appropriate American Indian/Alaska Native adolescents. The intervention will then be evaluated for effectiveness in AI/AN female teens at risk for GDM.

The purpose of this study are: Assess the impact of an intervention to the adoption of healthy lifestyles among pregnant women at high risk of gestational diabetes mellitus on: weight gain in pregnancy the levels of maternal and fetal adipokines and glycemic control maternal and fetal. Determine whether the adoption of healthy lifestyles in pregnancy is associated with epigenetic changes that influence the levels of adipokines and glucose regulation during pregnancy and in newborns.

This study is a randomized intervention that will test two different approaches reflecting diverse levels of both intensity and cost, to achieving risk reduction of T2D. This will help address a critical question in the translation of primary prevention research into the public health: how much intensity (and thus cost) is required to achieve an effective outcome? In addition, the proposed study will address a critical need in diabetes prevention that has not received sufficient scholarly attention: the prevention of T2D in children. No studies of diabetes prevention similar in scope to the DPP have been performed in school-aged children; however, reducing childhood obesity is widely accepted as the primary pathway to decreasing the growing prevalence of T2D in the pediatric population.

Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as a defect of glucose tolerance with its onset or its first recognition during pregnancy and that usually disappears, at least temporarily, after delivery. Its prevalence generally ranges between 3 and 6%, but may reach 12 to 15% in high-risk populations or specific ethnic groups. GDM increases the risk of potentially severe maternal, fetal and neonatal complications (gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, caesarean delivery; macrosomia; shoulder dystocia). These risks are linearly correlated with the level of maternal hyperglycaemia. GDM is due to a failure of pancreatic beta cells to sustain compensatory insulin secretion for insulin resistance that is physiological in pregnancy but can be much more pronounced in some women, especially in case of overweight or obesity. Maternal obesity is a major risk factor of GDM. Yet, micronutrient deficiencies are frequently reported in obese patients. Some nutritional deficiencies, concerning particularly some lipophilic micronutrients (vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, carotenoids) may be associated with diseases linked to insulin resistance. Numerous studies show an inverse relationship between plasma concentrations and/or dietary intake of these micronutrients and incidence of type 2 diabetes. Vitamin D deficiency could be involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes through an alteration of insulin secretion and sensitivity. Deficiencies in vitamin A, vitamin E or carotenoids (in particular lycopene and beta carotene) increase oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory status, and could thus be implied in the physiopathology of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Some case-control studies find an inverse correlation between the plasma concentrations of vitamin D during pregnancy and the incidence of GDM, independently of age, ethnic origin and of body mass index. Data are scarce for vitamin A and vitamin E, and are lacking for carotenoids. Besides, the few available studies are mainly descriptive ones, without clear explanations on underlying mechanisms. The favourable effects of these micronutrients on insulin sensitivity could be partially mediated by adipokines and/or pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted at the level of the adipose tissue. Numerous studies showed that women developing GDM during their pregnancy presented with a significant decrease in the circulating rates of adiponectin, (that is an adipokine with anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties) and a significant increase in the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines implied in the physiopathology of insulin resistance. In our laboratory (INRA unit 1260), we showed in experimental works conducted in vitro in human adipocytes and in vivo in mice that vitamin E could induce the transcription and the secretion of adiponectin; we also showed that vitamin D or lycopene could modulate the inflammatory reaction in the adipose tissue, which is involved in the physiopathology of insulin resistance. Aims and methods We hypothesise that, in pregnant women, there is a link between plasma concentrations and dietary intakes of lipophilic micronutrients (mainly vitamins A, D, E and carotenoids), secretion of adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and risk of developing a GDM; we also hypothesise that this relationship is independent of age, body mass index, ethnic origin and other main risk factors of GDM. To test this hypothesis, we aim to lead a transversal monocentric study, within a population of 500 pregnant women submitted to a systematic screening of GDM by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in the Hôpital Nord of Marseilles. The main criterion of evaluation of the link between lipophilic micronutrients and GDM will be a nutritional score calculated as follows: for each micronutrient (vitamin A, D, E, lycopene, beta carotene, alpha carotene, lutein), we will attribute 0 point if the patient is situated in the lowest quartile, 1 or 2 points in the following quartiles, and 3 points in the highest quartile. At the end, each patient will thus have a score between 0 and 21 reflecting the global status of these micronutrients. The main secondary objectives will be to define the relationships between the plasma concentrations and dietary intakes of these micronutrients and 1/the value of glycemia and insulinemia during OGTT 2/the degree of insulin sensitivity estimated by the measure of HOMA index, 3/the circulating rates of some adipokines (mainly adiponectin, leptin, chemerin) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF alpha, IL-1, IL-6), and 4/the children's birth weight.

It is well-known that women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus are in risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life; approximately half of the women develop overt type 2 diabetes within the first 10 years after pregnancy. Knowing this, we want to examine the effect of the type 2 diabetes medicine, liraglutide (Victoza), in women with previous gestational diabetes with the aim of reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition in which high blood sugar levels occur during pregnancy. GDM increases the risk of medical complications during pregnancy which may harm the mother and her baby. Since treating GDM to reduce blood sugar reduces the risk of harm, all pregnant women are screened for GDM using a glucose challenge test (GCT). We think that a diet containing low glycemic index foods could help keep blood sugar levels normal during pregnancy and therefore prevent GDM. Thus, the purpose of this study is to see if a diet containing low glycemic index foods will reduced blood sugar after the GCT and reduce the prevalence of GDM in women at high risk for the development of GDM.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)is a major health problem growing prevalence of obesity the older age of pregnant women A randomized controlled trial in 54 pregnant voluntary women at high risk for GDM. feasibility of an early intervention glucose tolerance at weeks 26-28

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with increasing incidence and long term complications. Its incidence differs in various ethnic populations.Gestational DM (GDM) is diagnosed when impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is first detected during pregnancy. GDM incidence in Jewish and Bedouin women has been rising in recent years. It has been reported in many studies that women who had been diagnosed with GDM are more prone to GDM in their next pregnancies and to DM Type 2. Appropriate changes in everyday diet and physical exercise may reduce the chances for future GDM and type 2 DM. The investigators aim was to determine GDM frequency in the Negev area in Jewish and Bedouin populations and to construct a plan for follow up and reduce future problems by changing their life style.

Obesity is a growing problem in East London and every other woman who enters pregnancy is obese or overweight. In addition to obesity, other metabolic risk factors such as raised lipids, high blood pressure and diabetes increase pregnancy related complications such as preeclampsia and long term problems such as heart diseases, stroke and death. Preeclampsia, presenting as hypertension and proteinuria is a leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. Interventions that reduce cardiovascular events by modifying risk factors also have the potential to reduce the risk of preeclampsia. The investigators work funded by the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) in the UK showed that dietary interventions in obese pregnant women may reduce the risk of preeclampsia. The investigators propose to show that pregnant women with metabolic risk factors derive the most benefit from a simple, targeted intervention based on Mediterranean dietary pattern to reduce the risk of maternal and fetal complications . Women with the risk factors (1230 women) will be randomly allocated to dietary intervention or usual antenatal dietary advice and the risk of maternal and fetal complications will be evaluated. The remaining eligible women who are consented for lipid tests, but do not have metabolic risk factors, will be followed up for outcome data only. Diet based interventions, especially those based on a Mediterranean dietary pattern has a potential to reduce the risk of preeclampsia. In the investigators study, pregnant mothers with risk factors will be randomly allocated to either a dietary invention or usual antenatal care and they will assess their composite maternal (pre-eclampsia or gestational diabetes) and fetal (stillbirth, small for gestational age or admission to neonatal intensive care unit) outcomes. The investigators will tailor the intervention to suit the individual needs of the mother and provide nuts and olive oil to improve compliance. The study will be undertaken across the three maternity units at Barts Health NHS Trust, which delivers 17,000 women/year and two other maternity units in England. The study is supported by the office of the Mayor of Tower Hamlets which will facilitate the involvement of grassroots workers to promote recruitment and uptake of the intervention.

Ten to 50% of women with gestational diabetes (GDM), or glucose intolerance first recognized during pregnancy, develop diabetes within 5 years after delivery. Although intensive interventions can reduce diabetes incidence in women with impaired glucose tolerance, it is unknown if such strategies would be effective in women with GDM. Women with recent GDM, even though no longer pregnant, face significant barriers to lifestyle modification, including caregiving responsibilities and low perception of risk. Web-based programs can reinforce physical activity through visual feedback of pedometer output, tailored messaging, education, and on-line communities. Such a program is currently available for adults with chronic disease and is led by Dr. Richardson, a co-PI on this application. Using data from focus group and survey work conducted by Dr. Kim, the other co-PI, this program can be modified to women with recent GDM. For Specific Aim 1, we propose to adapt a chronic disease web-based pedometer program to women with recent GDM. For Specific Aim 2, we propose to conduct a pilot and feasibility study of the program. The intervention will last 12 weeks.