Active clinical trials for "Diarrhea"

Hypotonic oral rehydration solutions (ORS) containing zinc and/or prebiotics have been proposed for the treatment of pediatric acute diarrhea but conclusive clinical data about their effect are scanty, especially for children living in developed countries. The investigators aim to evaluate the efficacy of a new hypotonic ORS containing zinc and prebiotics in children with acute diarrhea.

Primary objective: To compare the event rate of CDI in groups assigned to ACAM-CDIFF™ vaccine versus placebo in the 9 week period after the third dose of the study vaccine in subjects with first episode of CDI receiving antibiotics standard of care. Secondary objective: To evaluate the safety of all dose groups of ACAM-CDIFF™ vaccine versus placebo in subjects with first episode of CDI receiving antibiotics standard of care.

This is a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, multi-center study. This study will compare an investigational new drug (crofelemer) to placebo for the control of HIV-associated diarrhea. The first stage of the study will determine the optimal dose of study drug based on safety and response to therapy and the second stage will evaluate further the effectiveness of the optimal dose.

Use of zinc in diarrhea may be an effective intervention to reduce hospitalizations and child mortality as it could reach the most vulnerable children in a community and reduce severity of not only diarrhea but also of associated infections. It might also potentially reduce antibiotic use. We conducted a pilot study prior to conducting a community based controlled effectiveness trial to assess whether addition of zinc as a therapeutic modality for diarrhea delivered through existing channels, reduces visits to health care providers, antibiotic and other drug use, and increases ORS use during diarrhea.

Several studies have shown the beneficial effect of zinc treatment in acute diarrhea. There was a significant reduction in duration of the treated episodes and in their severity as measured by diarrheal stool output or frequency. Zinc is a potentially important immunomodulator or nutraceutical which may have great impact as therapeutic agent in conditions like diarrhea and pneumonia. The issue is whether and how zinc should be introduced in primary health care programs for treatment of acute diarrhea. A practical, sustainable intervention for introduction of zinc as treatment of acute diarrhoea in national programs is therefore required. This study aimed to address this issue.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Smecta at decreasing stool weight, when compared to placebo, in the treatment of acute diarrhoea in children.

In a previous study azithromycin proved as efficacious as levofloxacin in the treatment of travelers' diarrhea in Mexico. Because the addition of loperamide to some antibiotics (e.g., trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ofloxacin) has proven more efficacious than antibiotic alone in the treatment of travelers' diarrhea, we decided to study the addition of loperamide to azithromycin. US adults with acute diarrhea in Guadalajara Mexico were randomized to receive azithromycin in two different doses or loperamide plus azithromycin. The duration of diarrhea was shorter (11 hours) in the combination-treated group compared to the antibiotic-treated groups (34 hours). The percentage of subjects continuing to pass 6 or more unformed stools in the first 24 hours was less (1.7%) in the combination-treated group than in the antibiotic-treated groups (20%). We feel loperamide should routinely be added to an antibiotic to optimize treatment of travelers' diarrhea.

Three-hundred-and-fifty-two males aged 1-36 months with acute non-dysenteric diarrhoea and no systemic illness will be enrolled in this clinical trial. Eligible children will be stratified by their age (1up to 5 months, 6-35 months). Within the two age strata the patients will be randomized to receive zinc-ORS (fortified with 40 mg elemental zinc as zinc gluconate per litre) or standard WHO ORS. The major outcome measures will be stool output and duration of diarrhea. The safety of administering zinc will be determined by examining the effect of zinc ingestion on vomiting, sodium and potassium homeostasis, plasma zinc and copper, and iron stores and concentration of serum transferrin receptor.

The present study is designed to evaluate the effect of a mixture of probiotics on the prevention of traveler's diarrhea (TD) in subjects who travel to a country with a high risk for developing TD. Subjects will be asked to take one capsule containing a mixture of probiotics or a placebo capsule a day, within the week before departure, during the travel and up to 3 days after return. They will note the following outcomes in a diary: occurence of diarrhea, number and consistency of stools, duration of the diarrhea, presence of diarrhea-related symptoms and need for rescue medication. The present study will examine if the use of the probiotics capsule reduces the occurence of traveler's diarrhea as compared to the placebo capsule.

It is generally recommended that oral rehydration should be used as first-line therapy to treat or prevent dehydration in children with acute gastroenteritis (AGE). Refusal to drink regular Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) interfere with compliance with the recommended treatment. The objective of this study is to compare the tolerance, acceptance, efficacy and safety of a new ORS (Hipp ORS 200 Apple) of improved palatability with regular ORS recommended by ESPGHAN in children with acute gastroenteritis (AGE).