Active clinical trials for "Diarrhea"

The purpose of this study is to conduct cholera vaccinations in high-risk populations in Zanzibar in order to estimate herd protection conferred by the vaccine,estimate effectiveness of the vaccine, and describe the interaction of vaccination and improved water supply on the burden of cholera and diarrhoeal diseases.

Probiotics has been known as a dietary supplement for a long period. Recent clinical trials indicate that probiotics might have an effect in preventing common infection diseases in children. The investigators hypothesis is: if young children in the age of 6 month to 15 mdr. has a daily intake of a suspension containing probiotics in a period of 9 months, the incidence of diarrhoea and respiratory diseases can be reduced.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the TD Vaccine System to prevent moderate to severe enterotoxin E.coli (ETEC) disease in travelers to India.

Much has been learned in recent years about the mechanisms by which breastfeeding improves child health and survival. However, there has been little progress in using these insights to improve pediatric care. Factors that are important for protecting the breast fed infant might be expected to decrease the adverse effects of weaning on diarrhea, growth, and development. The proposed study is meant to begin addressing this important gap by a clinical trial of lactoferrin supplementation in previously weaned children. Lactoferrin,an iron-binding protein with multiple physiological functions (anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory), is one of the most important proteins present in mammalian milk. Our hypothesis is that lactoferrin (given as a daily supplement in amounts similar to those consumed if the child were still breastfed) will improve health by mimicking its protective roles in milk. The significance of these studies is that they will prove feasibility of improving child health after the end of breastfeeding by continuing ingestion of a major protective milk protein. Diarrhea and malnutrition after weaning is a global problem that may be amenable to this approach.

To evaluate the immune responses achieved following self-administered heat-labile enterotoxin of E. coli (LT) vaccination by transcutaneous immunization compared to the immune responses achieved by clinician-administered vaccination.

The purpose of this study is to assess anti-CFA/I and anti-CfaE BIgG safety and to determine protective efficacy of anti-CFA/I and anti-CfaE BIgG against diarrhea after challenge with H10407, a CFA/I-expressing ETEC strain.

The purpose of this study is to determine if the ETEC vaccine ETVAX with and without dmLT adjuvant is safe and immunogenic in adults, children, toddlers and infants in Bangladesh.

Community Health Clubs to improve local sanitation, hygiene and health conditions have been implemented in several countries in Africa and Asia with some success. The Ministry of Health in Rwanda has committed to rolling out a program designed along similar lines, the Community Based Environmental Health Promotion Program (CBEHPP), in all 15000 villages across Rwanda. The main objective of the program is to achieve 'zero open defecation' in all villages of Rwanda, at least 80% hygienic latrine coverage and improvements in a range of health behaviors such as the use of mosquito nets, hand-washing with soap and the use of household water treatment. To evaluate the impact of the program on health, other socio-economic outcomes and community functioning, a single district has been chosen where 150 communities will be randomized to receive the intervention immediately or 18 months later. The evaluation is led by US based Innovation for Poverty Action (IPA) through researchers based at the National University of Rwanda, Georgetown University, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and New York University. The research team will work in close collaboration with the implementing team, which consists of the Ministry of Health, Rwanda and Africa AHEAD. The study will span three years, beginning in May 2013, and ending in late 2015.

The purpose of this study is to measure the independent and combined effects of interventions that improve sanitation, water quality, handwashing, and nutrition on child health and development in the first years of life.

Acute respiratory infection and acute diarrhea are among the most prevalent diseases of childhood increase the burden of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years. Among the possible strategies for its prevention is important to count on good nutritional status for use in developing a good immune response to infections. Zinc deficiency has been shown to favor the development of infections and has been considered a real public health problem. Within the zinc compounds used are zinc amino acid chelate and zinc sulphate, the first that has shown evidence of being better absorbed and tolerated. We propose a study showing the effectiveness of zinc amino acid chelate and zinc sulphate in the prevention of acute diarrheal disease and acute respiratory infection.