Active clinical trials for "Diarrhea"

The purpose of the study is to evaluate effect or fortifying milk with pre and probiotics or with micronutrients on prevention of diarrhea, pneumonia and other childhood illnesses and improvement in growth and development.

Children with malnutrition are often low in some nutrients, like zinc or vitamin A, that could help them fight off infections like pneumonia. Our study was designed to see if children who got supplements of zinc or vitamin A had fewer infections.

This study will determine the effect of 7 days supplementation of alanyl-glutatime or glycine on the damaged intestinal barrier function on day 8 in children with persistent diarrhea or malnutrition.

The investigators hypothesize that sex, age, area of exposure and purpose of travel are associated with different travel-related infections. The investigators also hypothesize that certain infections will have long-term sequelae. Health-data will be collected from travellers from Switzerland and Europe. The project starts with a pilot study for 50 travellers, followed by the recruiting of 10,000 travellers. The data collection will be via a mobile App (ITIT). The ITIT App will collect active data from travellers. The participants will download the App after signing an electronic consent form and completing a baseline questionnaire. Then the travellers will answer a short daily questionnaire about illness symptoms during travel. The ITIT App will also collect passive data (GPS localisation, environmental and weather data). The project will provide real-time data on travel-related infections and profile travel illness by age, sex and purpose of travel and also identify outbreaks.

The primary objective of this study is to determine if probiotic prophylaxis has immunologic and gastrointestinal advantages in pediatric burn patients.

Triaging new pediatric gastroenterology consultations is challenging as both inflammatory and non-inflammatory gastrointestinal (GI) diseases can present with non-specific chronic abdominal pain and/or diarrhea. Examples of inflammatory GI diseases include Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and celiac disease and non-inflammatory GI diseases lactose intolerance, irritable bowel syndrome and non-ulcer dyspepsia. Inflammatory GI diseases require different investigations and treatment than non-inflammatory GI diseases and ideally, would be identified early. Higher priority triage of these patients would allow timely organization of further investigations including pertinent laboratory testing, radiologic studies and gastrointestinal endoscopies. These more invasive procedures are not needed in most patients presenting with non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms. Therefore, the investigators do not routinely ask for screening laboratory testing or other studies in children referred to our clinic. Non-invasive screening tests for GI disorders may aid in appropriately triaging new consultations to pediatric gastroenterology. Calprotectin is a protein found in inflammatory cells called neutrophils. The concentration of calprotectin in stool reflects the presence of an inflammatory process occurring in the GI tract. Thus, testing for calprotectin has been proposed as a potentially useful test for detecting some inflammatory GI diseases, most notably Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Alternatively, a simple gastrointestinal questionnaire of "red flag" symptoms and family history of GI disorders may also be of benefit. The investigators hypothesize that the use of fecal calprotectin and a screening GI questionnaire will aid in identifying children at higher risk of an inflammatory GI disorder. Subsequently, higher priority triaging of these patients will decrease the time to diagnosis of inflammatory GI disease. This will be a single centre, stratified, randomized clinical trial conducted in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Patients referred to the pediatric gastroenterology service without a known diagnosis for non-specific chronic abdominal pain and/or diarrhea will be asked to participate in the study. All patients who meet the inclusion criteria will be consented by telephone with a standard form. Consenting patients will be mailed the GI questionnaire and the fecal calprotectin test kit. The fecal calprotectin test kid includes instructions, a stool collection kit and return postage. All patients will be given the next available appointment with a pediatric gastroenterologist. Patients will then be randomized to receive either usual care (50%, 40 patients) or to have a screening fecal calprotectin (FC) measurement (50%, 40 patients). Patients in the FC group will have FC measured by the Quantum Blue® Rapid Calprotectin Assay. If the calprotectin level is high (above 50 μg/g), the patient will be contacted again by telephone and given a new appointment time (within 14 working days). This study may have a positive impact by demonstrating a novel method for decreasing the time to diagnosis of inflammatory GI disease.

Social network targeting strategies can be used to improve the delivery and uptake of health interventions. We will enroll approximately 30,000 individuals into a randomized controlled trial of different targeting algorithms in order to explore how social network dynamics affect the uptake, diffusion, and group-level normative reinforcement of key neonatal and infant health behaviors and attitudes in 176 rural villages in the Copan region of Honduras. Our goal is to develop methods by which global health practitioners can exploit face-to-face social network interactions in order to maximize uptake of neonatal and infant health interventions. The villages will be randomly assigned to 16 cells of 11 villages each in a 2 x 8 factorial design of different targeting algorithms.

Microbiota from fecal samples from IBS-D patients, in combination with vitamin D supplementation added to our 3-D immunocompetent intestinal models will establish a high fidelity disease model to achieve our long-term goal to understand the relationship between gut microbiome, vitamin D levels, host gene expression and IBS-D symptoms that could ultimately be used as a testing platform for treatment and prevention.

Assessment of the impact of oral Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMO) application on acute diarrhoea and the development of prolonged and persistent diarrhoea in paediatric patients hospitalized with acute diarrhoea.

The existing diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) challenge model is already suitable for dietary interventions in its current form, targeted to impact on the immediate clinical symptoms upon E. coli infection. In order to make the model also suitable for dietary interventions that are aimed at support of the protective response against reinfection, the immune response triggered by the primary infection should be suboptimal. The MIRRE pilot study is set up to determine how much the primary inoculation dose of diarrheagenic E. coli should be lowered in order to result in a reduced protective response upon a secondary infection.