Active clinical trials for "Diarrhea"

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common functional bowel disorder characterized by absence of any organic cause. The vast majority of patients associate their symptoms with specific food consumption, creating the need for developing a new therapeutic approach based on altering the dietary habits. The aim of the study focuses in the comparison of the efficacy of two dietary patterns, the adjusted to the Mediterranean Diet Low FODMAP Diet (MED-LFD) and the nutritional guidelines of the British National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Managing IBS.

This is a double-blind, two period, two treatment crossover trial of ondansetron verses placebo studying the effects of ondansetron in the small and large bowel, specifically its effects on the amount of water in the gut, measured by MRI.

Effect, tolerance and safety of a supplementation with a probiotic on the risk of gastrointestinal infections, on growth, and on gut microbiota in healthy newborn term infants born by Cesarean section. Exploratory comparison between a probiotic vs. placebo in the formula-fed and in the breastfed feeding groups.

A cluster-randomised trial will be undertaken in Burkina Faso to investigate whether a comprehensive mass media campaign using local radio stations can change behaviours on a scale large enough to result in measurable and sustainable reductions in under-five child mortality. It is hypothesised that as a result of the scale and multi-pronged nature of the campaign, reductions of between 10% and 20% in child mortality will be achieved.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety of Rotavin-M1 produced by the Center for Research and Production of Vaccines and Biologicals (POLYVAC) in adult volunteers in Vietnam.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) carries a high prevalence worldwide and imposes substantial economic burden on patients, healthcare systems and society. In recent years, dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and bile acid (BA) malabsorption have been identified as putative pathophysiological mechanisms. Bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota are closely related. When patients with IBS-D were compared to healthy subjects, total levels of faecal BAs do not differ, but increased faecal primary BAs and reduced secondary BAs have been repeatedly observed in patients with IBS-D, suggesting abnormal BA deconjugation. Rifaximin, a non-absorbable antibiotic, has been shown in a recent meta-analysis to produce a therapeutic clinical gain compared to other treatment options for IBS, including placebo, paralleled by a high safety profile. It is also now known that changes in fecal microbiota have been observed in patients with IBS who have responded positively to Rifaximin. The relationship between microbiota changes, metabolomics changes after Rifaximin is unclear. There is emerging data to suggest duodenal dysbiosis as a putative pathophysiology, which in one study, clustered together with salivary microbiota than with fecal microbiota. However, the oral microbiome in patients with IBS has never been explored, which could possibly explain the downstream observations of duodenal and fecal dysbiosis. The investigators aim to assess the changes in metabolomic and microbiota profile after Rifaximin treatment, between responders and non-responders. The investigators will also explore the oral microbiome in IBS patients, and assess its relationship with fecal microbiome between responders and non-responders.

The South Kivu province of DRC has experience continuous armed conflict over the last several decades; as a result, livelihoods and health metrics are uniformly poor. Thus, the objective of this study is to determine if an integrated set of social enterprises can improve child health while offering viable and scalable new business opportunities for the community. Specific research questions include the impact of the individual enterprises on (1) child health, (2) access to clean water, and (3) economic opportunities in the region.

The focus of the study is to better understand the mechanisms causing antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and how probiotics may prevent some of the iatrogenic effects of antibiotic medications. One of the most common indications for probiotics is for prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Clinically, different probiotic strains have demonstrated the ability to prevent AAD; however, the mechanism of action behind this effect has not been elucidated. Data from several studies suggest that antibiotic-induced disruption of commensal bacteria in the colon results in a significant (up to 50%) reduction in short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and a concomitant reduction in Na-dependent fluid absorption resulting in AAD. Probiotics have been shown to ameliorate a variety of gastrointestinal disease states and thus, the study investigators hypothesize that administration of a probiotic yogurt will protect against the development of AAD.

Although the existing diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) challenge model is already suitable for dietary interventions in its current form, further characterization of the working-mechanism of the attenuated strain and further optimization of the study design will enable the investigators to better select those ingredients that affect the key pathophysiological processes. The aim of the CORAL study is to further characterize and increase the discriminative power of the diarrhoeagenic E. coli challenge model.

Oral iron supplementation is often associated with rapid onset of gastrointestinal side-effects. The aim of this study was to develop and trial a short, simple questionnaire to capture these early side-effects and to determine which symptoms are more discriminating. The study was a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized parallel trial with one week treatment followed by one week wash-out. Subjects were randomized into two treatment groups (n=10/group) to receive either ferrous sulphate (200 mg capsules containing 65 mg of iron) or placebo, both to be taken at mealtimes twice daily during the treatment period. Subjects completed the questionnaires daily for 14 days. The questionnaire included gastrointestinal symptoms commonly reported to be associated with the oral intake of ferrous iron salts (i.e. nausea, vomiting, heartburn, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, and constipation).