Active clinical trials for "Diarrhea"

The specific aim of this proposed pilot study is to compare two standardized processes (paper and electronic) to deliver a customized MedlinePlus health information prescription.

Gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders in intensive care patients remain relatively unexplored. Nowadays, the frequency, risk factors and complications of GI dysfunction during enteral nutrition (EN) become more questionable. Our aim is to evaluate the frequency, risk factors and complications of GI dysfunction during EN in the first 2 weeks of the intensive care unit (ICU) stay and to identify precautions to prevent the development of GI dysfunction and avoid complications.

This study aims to address the paucity of accurate incidence data of diarrheal diseases associated with Shigella in Zambia and Burkina Faso. Given the limited feasibility of the current complex diagnostic methods used to detect Shigella in endemic and developing countries due to the costs, the none availability of reagents and a requirement of expensive and complex machinery, we suggest to use a rapide, easy-to-use, cost-effective, and robust Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based rapid tool, the Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) based diagnostic assay (ES-RLDT). This baseline study will enable us to generate an accurate estimate of Shigella incidence so as to inform future trials' designs of an oral vaccine development (ShigOraVax) in Burkina Faso and Zambia. This project is part of the EDCTP2 programme supported by the European Union under grant agreement "No RIA2018V-2308

The Maternal Neonatal and Child health indicators in District Dadu of Pakistan portrays a dismal pictures and after the floods of 2010-2011 the health infrastructure of this district was badly affected. Aga Khan University Pakistan is intending to implement a service delivery project for the improvement of Maternal Neonatal and Child health situation through evidence based MNCH interventions.

This study will conduct an evaluation of the World Health Partners (WHP) private provider project to see if the social franchising and telemedicine project has an impact on health outcomes in treatment vs. control areas. The evaluation will also estimate specific parameters of the WHP program that can be used to maximize financial sustainability and replicability/scalability of the program.

We have designed this study to measure the effect of normal flora supplementation, using available probiotics, on the incidence of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in a population of general inpatients who are receiving antibiotics.

Alternative, sustainable interventions in support of zinc treatment for childhood diarrhea need to be identified. Within the NGO sector, direct provision of health services is provided, however some NGOs also work closely with the private sector providers. Hypothetically, this avoids unnecessary duplication of effort and enhances the quality of the care provided in the private sector. This study will provide objective evidence of the impact of this approach, using the scale-up of zinc for the treatment of childhood diarrhoea as a test case. The study will be assessing NGO impact among unregulated (unlicensed), rural service providers. Further, this study will serve to assess the value of this model of scaling up activities in the non-state sector with a particular eye toward more generalizable and replicable improvement in quality of care strategies between NGOs and unlicensed private providers. This will be controlled before-after (CBA) study. An equivalent control area will be included in the study. The objective is to document changes in zinc and antibiotic as well as anti-diarrhoeal usage in childhood diarrhea following a scale-up intervention package delivered by a local NGO to local private providers. This will include sensitization, training and follow-up support. Impact will be assessed in terms of changes in zinc coverage and antibiotic use among households in the catchment population served by these providers. The study will be conducted in four unions located in Sreepur Upazila within Gazipur district, located north to Dhaka. Two of the unions, namely Rajabari and Prohladpur comprising 55 villages with 15,530 households and an estimated 76,150 population will serve as intervention area. The other two unions Telihat and Barmi will be taken as control sites. They contain 53 villages with 19,898 households and an estimated 99,000 population. The curative health services in these sites are provided by local drug vendors, village practitioners, traditional healers, and licensed government, private or NGO health service providers. Data will be collected through survey and in-depth interviews. Data will be entered and analyzed using SPSS version 12.0. Absolute counts, proportions, and means with 95% confidence interval will be calculated. These and regression analysis will be done using STATA version 9, cluster survey program, that accounts for potential within cluster homogeneity. Based upon the household surveys, the outcomes that will be calculated are: coverage-the proportion receiving zinc, ORS (zinc and ORS), and antibiotics or antidiarrhoeals and changes in coverage 6 months following the introduction of the intervention package, equity: who is receiving zinc by age, gender and socioeconomic status. For differences in categorical outcomes crude relative risks and 95% confidence intervals will be determined. It is expected that the study will help in increasing zinc coverage for the treatment of children under five years of age and decrease in the use of antibiotics and antidiarrhoeals within the NGO catchment population.

Main research Question: The investigators would like to find out if both the Bio-K (lactobacillus acidophilus and lactobacillus casei) drink and capsule are equally effective in the prevention of diarrhea associated with antibiotic use. Why is this research project important? About 25% of patients who use antibiotics may develop diarrhea as a side effect. Symptoms are mild and consist of watery diarrhea and abdominal pain. Some patients may develop a more severe form of diarrhea, called clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea may lead to more serious consequences like inflammation of the large bowel and in some cases, death. There are some studies that suggest Bio-K drink, a probiotic preparation containing lactobacillus acidophilus and lactobacillus casei, decreases the risk of diarrhea from antibiotic use. As a result, St. Joseph's Healthcare has recently to use Bio-K routinely to try to reduce risk of patients developing diarrhea. No other Hamilton hospitals use Bio-K routinely as there is not strong evidence about the effectiveness of Bio-K for the prevention of diarrhea. This study will provide more information about Bio-K's effectiveness in the prevention of diarrhea associated with antibiotic use as both a capsule and a drink.

In order to assess whether the bivalent killed oral cholera vaccine may be used safely among infants who are most at risk for cholera, the investigators need to determine the safety and immunogenicity of the killed oral cholera vaccine among infants less than 1 year of age when given with the expanded program on immunization (EPI) vaccines including diptheria, pertussis and tetanus (DPT), oral polio vaccine (OPV), Hepatitis B vaccines and measles vaccine. Furthermore, the investigators also need to make sure that immune interference does not occur among all the other vaccine antigens given at the same time. Findings from this study will pave the way for the possible use of the killed whole cell oral cholera vaccine (OCV).

The study is to assess whether the staff in gastroenterology unit are sticking to the agreed up on unit's protocol in management of chronic diarrhea over the period of one year(september 2017-september 2018)