Active clinical trials for "Encephalitis, Japanese"

We hypothesize that a high CD4+ and CD8+ T cell count will reduce viremia upon challenge with a structurally heterologous virus, and correspondingly result in reduced magnitude of host response to challenge infection. Primary Objective: To compare, after challenge with a structurally heterologous vaccine, the differences in levels of viremia between healthy adults who received primary vaccination with either YF17D vaccine, chimeric JE-YF17D vaccine, or inactivated JE vaccine. 58 subjects will be randomised into 1 of 2 arms (Arm B1 and Arm B2) in a 1:1 ratio, in a double-blind fashion. Subjects in Arm B1 will receive JE-YF17D vaccine (Imojev, Sanofi Pasteur) on Day 0 followed by YF17D vaccine (Stamaril, Sanofi Pasteur) on Day 28. Subjects in Arm B2 will receive Stamaril on Day 0 followed by Imojev on Day 28. Arm B3 will be conducted as a separate single-arm open label design in 14 subjects. Subjects in Arm B3 will receive inactivated JE vaccine (Ixiaro, Valneva) on Day 0 followed by Stamaril on Day 28. The rationale for these three study arms is as follows: Arm B1 will show the impact low levels of viremia, and the resultant low levels of virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, would have on YF17D infection. In contrast, YF17D vaccination in Arm B2 would produce high levels of viremia, and in turn high levels virus-specific T cells, thus likely ameliorating JE-YF17D infection. Arm B3 will serve as the control arm, as vaccination with inactivated JE vaccine would not produce any YF17D-specific T cell response. Notably, the first vaccination in Arms B1 and B2 would also provide the viremia response in the absence of virus-specific T cells, which would serve as a reference point to interpret the outcome of the second vaccination.

This study evaluates the immunogenicity and safety of a purified inactivated JE vaccine compared to a commercialized JE vaccine. In this phase III, randomized, blind trial, infants at 6-23 months of age were randomly assigned to three groups to receive experimental vaccine or control vaccine with two different vaccination schedule respectively.

This study is to evaluate the seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies against Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus in children aged 6 years who were previously administered with 5 different immunization strategies by JE attenuated live vaccine (JEV-L) or/and inactivated vaccine (JEV-I). The secondary objective is to evaluate the immunogenicity of the booster dose of JEV-I at 6 years old for those previously immunized with 3 doses of JEV-I or those sequential administered with 1 dose of JEV-L and another dose of JEV-I.

Iron deficiency (ID) anaemia (IDA) is a global public health problem, with the highest prevalence in Africa and in South-East Asia. While immunization programs have achieved high global coverage, vaccines often underperform in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). The cause remains uncertain, but undernutrition, including ID, likely plays a role. Our recent in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the importance of iron status in adaptive immunity and vaccine response. Hypoferremia blunted T cell, B cell, and neutralizing antibody responses to influenza virus infection in mice, allowing the virus to persist. Iron deficient anaemic Kenyan women receiving intravenous iron at time of vaccination had a better immune response to the first dose of the ChAdOx Coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) vaccine and yellow fever vaccine. Japanese encephalitis and typhoid fever are endemic in Thailand. Vaccines are available but show variable efficacy. Whether ID impairs adult vaccine response to the live attenuated Japanese encephalitis (JE) and the Typhoid Vi polysaccharide (Vi-PS) vaccine and whether iron repletion via iron fortification improves vaccine response is uncertain. The objective of this study is to assess whether IDA in Thai women impairs immune response to the JE and the Typhoid Vi-PS vaccine and whether fortification iron improves their response. In this double-blind randomized controlled trial, IDA women will be assigned to two study groups: group 1 (fortification group) will receive iron-fortified biscuits (15mg iron as ferrous fumarate) for 56 days; group 2 (control group) will receive non-fortified biscuits for 56 days. All women will receive live attenuated JE and Typhoid Vi-PS vaccine on study day 28. Vaccine response will be measured 28 days after vaccination (on day 56) in both groups.

Japanese encephalitis is caused by a viral infection of the brain transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito. Patients with Japanese encephalitis can rapidly develop worsening conscious level and seizures. Around a third will die from the infection and half of survivors have serious long-term neurological disability. The majority of those affected are children. There are many causes of viral encephalitis, however Japanese encephalitis virus is the most common cause worldwide with over 60,000 cases annually. It occurs over much of Asia and the geographical range is expanding. There is no specific treatment for Japanese encephalitis virus, although several have been trialed. In this study we examined the effect of a new treatment, called intravenous immunoglobulin, on children with Japanese encephalitis in Nepal. Prior studies have suggested intravenous immunoglobulin may neutralize Japanese encephalitis virus and suppress damaging inflammation in the brain. It has previously been used in individual cases but never examined in a randomized trial. There was recently a trial of IVIG in West Nile encephalitis in the United States, in which Professor Solomon was on the Scientific Advisory Committee. In this study we will look if intravenous immunoglobulin is safe in this context, and that this treatment may alter the way the immune system manages the infection. Therefore, in this pilot study we will test the hypothesis that IVIG can be safely given to children with suspected JE, with no increased risk of serious adverse events compared with placebo. The aim of this proposal is to conduct a pilot safety and tolerability randomized placebo controlled trial of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in patients with Japanese encephalitis, to explore the relationship between JEV viral load, pro-inflammatory markers called cytokines and blood brain barrier markers, and the effect of IVIG on these relationships.

The purpose of this study is to describe the immunogenicity and safety of IMOJEV® in adult and pediatric populations in Vietnam and serve a bridging study to compare immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety data obtained with IMOJEV® in the Vietnamese population with data from other Asian pediatric populations. Primary objective: - To describe the safety profile of a single dose of IMOJEV®. Secondary objectives: To evaluate the immune response to JE 28 days after the administration of a single dose of IMOJEV® in healthy Vietnamese subjects aged from 9 months to 60 years.

A multi-center, open, phase 4 clinical trial to assess the long-term immunogenicity and safety of fourth administration of Boryung Cell-Culture Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine inj. and to conduct an exploratory investigation on vaccine interchangeability in Korean children aged 6 years who received primary 3 doses with ENCEVAC® or Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine-GCC® inj.

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an acute viral zoonotic disease. Neurologic manifestations of the disease range from subtle changes in behavior to serious problems, including blindness, ataxia, weakness, and movement disorders. The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) occurs primarily in Southeast Asian. It is spread by culicine mosquitoes, most often Culex tritaeniorhynchus. Its incubation period is 5 to 15 days.In China, JE epidemic peak season is from June to August and it mainly occurred in children. JE has ranked in top ten infectious diseases according to either incidence or mortality. JE vaccines are used to protect the population especially young children and infants from encephalitis diseases. Live attenuated JE vaccines are now widely used. They are directly produced from attenuated virus which may increase the possibility of virulence reversion. Many developed countries are using purified model inactivated JE vaccine. Therefore, it is an inevitable trend in China to develop a new generation of safer and more effective inactivated vaccine to prevent and control epidemic encephalitis.

This is an open-label, uncontrolled phase 4 study to assess the safety and immunogenicity of the Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine Ixiaro® (IC51) in an elderly population.

The objective is to assess the effect of a booster vaccination on immunogenicity of IC51 in terms of seroconversion rate.