Active clinical trials for "Encephalitis"

Background: - Brain inflammation due to high alcohol intake may affect thinking, memory, and concentration. Researchers want to measure this using positron emission tomography (PET). Objective: - To study how excessive alcohol consumption affects brain function. Eligibility: Adults 30-75 years old who are moderate or severe alcohol drinkers. Healthy volunteers. Design: Participants will be screened with medical history, physical exam, interview, and blood and urine tests. Their breath will be tested for alcohol and recent smoking. Phase 1: Participants will stay in the hospital 3 days. They will have blood and heart tests and daily urine tests. A small plastic tube will be inserted by needle in each arm. One will go in a vein, the other in an artery. Participants will have 2 PET scans with 2 different radioactive compounds. Participants will lie on a bed that slides in and out of the scanner with a cap on their head. Participants will have magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Participants will lie in the scanner either resting with their eyes open or while performing an attention task. Participants will have tests of memory, attention, concentration, and thinking. They may answer questions, take tests, and perform simple actions. Phase 2 of the study will only be done if Phase 1 results show brain inflammation. Phase 2 will repeat Phase 1. For healthy volunteers, Phase 2 will begin 3 weeks after Phase 1. Other volunteers must not have alcohol for at least 3 weeks and stay in a hospital up to 4-6 weeks between Phase 1 and Phase 2. After Phase 2, they will have 5 follow-up calls over 3 months.

Epidemic viral diseases have become more prevalent in recent years. Among the various strategies to prevent such epidemics, vaccination is the most cost-effective. However, populations that are immunized are typically already exposed to multiple previous vaccinations or natural infections. Studies from this and other laboratories have revealed that pre-existing dengue antibodies can either inhibit or enhance subsequent dengue infection depending on the pre-existing antibody levels. While cross-reactive antibody is potentially pathogenic in dengue, how it impacts immune response to vaccination is unclear. Indeed, aggregated at the site of vaccination and the respective draining lymph nodes are antigen-presenting and immune regulatory cells that express Fc receptors and play pivotal roles in determining the magnitude and polarity of the immune response. Vaccine uptake by these antigen-presenting cells may thus be either inhibited or enhanced when vaccines are opsonized with cross-reactive antibodies. In view of the limited knowledge on how cross-reactive antibodies affect vaccination outcome, investigators propose here a study that exploits the known cross reactivity between Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus antibody and yellow fever (YF) vaccine. Investigators hypothesize that cross-reactive antibodies impacts antibody response to YF at the point vaccination in a concentration-dependent manner by altering both vaccine uptake and the innate immune response by antigen presenting cells. Investigators will structure an open label clinical trial on sequential vaccination with JE and YF vaccines, with different time intervals between vaccinations. This would test immune response to YF vaccination in subjects with different titer of cross-reactive JE vaccine-derived antibodies.

Japanese encephalitis (JE) live attenuated vaccine SA14-14-2 has been in use for more more than 20 years in Asia. JE vaccine SA14-14-2 is licensed in India and has been widely used since 2006. JE vaccines give protection by generating a neutralizing antibody response, but both naturally exposed persons and patients with JE also have T cell responses. Whether JE vaccine SA14-14-2 elicits T cell responses is unknown. This study tests the hypothesis that T cell responses are generated in response to JE SA14-14-2 vaccination. The aim of this study is to characterize T cell responses to JE vaccine SA14-14-2 in healthy people, and to investigate differences in T cell responses between natural exposure, vaccination and disease.

The study investigates long-term immunity and safety of IC51 (IXIARO®, JESPECT®) in a pediatric population vaccinated in the parent study IC51-322.

The purpose of this study is to assess the safety of a vaccination schedule consisting of two vaccinations (21-35 days apart) with the tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) vaccine FSME-IMMUN NEW (5 consecutive lots) in comparison to another licensed TBE vaccine (Encepur® adults, with polygeline) (2 lots) in healthy volunteers aged 16 to 65 years.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the safety and immunogenicity of the third vaccination with one of three different concentrations of a TBE vaccine in all volunteers who completed two vaccinations in one of the three treatment groups of Baxter study 205 (safety and immunogenicity of two vaccinations with FSME IMMUN NEW in healthy volunteers aged 6 to 16 years).

The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of a personalized patient education program to the current hospital education and evaluate its impact using patient satisfaction scores. The investigators hypothesize that a personalized patient education intervention will increase patient's understanding of their diagnosis and satisfaction with the care as reflected in the survey results.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the safety and immunogenicity of the third vaccination with one of three different concentrations of a TBE vaccine in all subjects who completed two vaccinations in one of the three treatment groups of Baxter study 199 (a dose-finding study to investigate the safety and immunogenicity of two vaccinations with FSME IMMUN NEW in healthy subjects aged 1 to 6 years).

The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety of the third vaccination with FSME-IMMUN NEW in all volunteers who received both vaccinations in Baxter study 208 (safety study of FSME IMMUN NEW and ENCEPUR in healthy volunteers aged 16 to 65 years).

This is a phase III multi-centre randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial to assess the role of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of children with encephalitis. The primary objective is to find out whether early use of IVIG treatment improves neurological outcomes of children with encephalitis. 308 children with encephalitis, aged 6 weeks to 16 years will be recruited in 30 hospitals in the United Kingdom. Participants will be randomised to receive two doses of IVIG or matching placebo in addition to other standard treatments, within the first five days of hospital admission. Each participant will be followed up for 12 months. During this period, information on clinical, radiological and laboratory investigations will be collected. Neurological outcomes will be assessed by the use of questionnaires at 6 and 12 months, and a neuropsychological assessment at 12 months.