Active clinical trials for "Brain Diseases"

Infection and inflammation is related to increased encephalopathy of prematurities.

The objective is to understand how amygdala activation affects other medial temporal lobe structures to prioritize long-term memories. The project is relevant to disorders of memory and to disorders involving affect and memory, including traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder.

The research team plans to administer trophic enteral feeds to infants with Neonatal Encephalopathy that are undergoing therapeutic hypothermia. The team will monitor splanchnic NIRS values and compare these values to a group of historic infants who underwent hypothermia but did not receive feeds, to investigate whether there may be a range of values that can predict safe feeding. The team will also look at some clinical outcomes including feeding tolerance, time to achieve full enteral feeds, infection rates, length of hospital stay.

Encephalopathies are a group of central nervous system (CNS) affection with heterogeneous etiology. Several causes have been recognized including neurodegenerative, vascular, infectious, autoimmune, toxic or allergic affections or secondary to systemic disorders. While 30-50% of acute encephalitis remains without etiological definition, definitive criteria for neurodegenerative diseases are usually unavailable in vivo and possible or probable definitions are used. The Olfactory mucosa (OM) is the part of the nasal mucosa that carries the specialized sensory organ for the modality of smell; the olfactory epithelium is composed of five principal cell types including olfactory receptor neurons. A sample of OM may be collected through a rhinoscopy-guided brushing: it is well-accepted by patients, not-contraindicated in patients with raised intracranial pressure and associated with almost no side-effects. Nasal brushing has recently been proposed for the in vivo diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Aims of the project are: Training of ear throat and nose (ETN), Infectious disease (ID) and neurology (NEU) specialists in the technique of nasal brushing; Conducting a prospective study comparing the use of nasal brushing with gold-standard criteria in the diagnosis of Encephalopathies; Increasing the diagnostic and prognostic power in the diagnosis of encephalopathies. A prospective, case control, multicentric study enrolling 400 patients and 100 controls (patients with nasal stenosis undergoing rhinoscopy for clinical reasons). Patients will be diagnosed and followed according to international guidelines and local clinical practice. Cerebrospinal fluid and magnetic resonance imaging will be used, where indicated, for the diagnosis according to the clinical or radiological suspect.

TIPS is a standard for the treatment of portal hypertension related complications. However, it remains at risk of HE after TIPS (around 40% the first year). Dysbiosis plays a key role in pathophysiology of HE. Polydextrose (PDX) is consider as a prebiotic. Preliminary studies showed that PDX: modified gut microbiota, enhancing "good bacteria" improved gut permeability and immunity in 2 experimental models: infarction and colitis. The aim of this study is to assess PDX efficacy to prevent HE during the first 6 months after TIPS in cirrhotic patients.

Extension Study to Evaluate how safe and tolerable the drug NBI-921352 is when used as Adjunctive Therapy in Subjects With SCN8A Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy Syndrome (SCN8A-DEE).

The investigators will conduct a study on non-vigorous infants at birth to determine if umbilical cord milking (UCM) results in lower rate of moderate to severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) or death than early clamping and for infants who are non-vigorous at birth and need immediate resuscitation.

The study will evaluate the safety and feasibility of near infrared therapy as an intervention for patients with refractory depression, anxiety, neurodegenerative disease, and traumatic brain injury.

This phase II trial studies how well anakinra works in preventing severe chimeric antigen receptor T-cell-related encephalopathy syndrome after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in patients with large B-cell lymphoma that has come back or has not responded to treatment. Immunosuppressive therapy, such as anakinra, is used to decrease the body?s immune response, which may prevent severe chimeric antigen receptor T-cell-related encephalopathy syndrome.

This study is to evaluate the use of glycerol phenylbutyrate for monogenetic developmental epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs). DEEs are characterized by epilepsy and developmental delay in early life. Two examples of DEEs are STXBP1 and SLC6A1, though there are dozens of others. STXBP1 Encephalopathy is a severe disease that can cause seizures and developmental delays in infants and children. SLC6A1 neurodevelopmental disorder is characterized by developmental delay and often epilepsy. Both STXBP1 encephalopathy and SLC6A1 neurodevelopmental disorder cause symptoms because there are not enough working proteins made by these genes. It is possible that a medication called phenylbutyrate may help the the remaining proteins work better for STXBP1, SLC6A1, and/or other similar DEEs caused by single genes (i.e. "monogenetic"). This study is to test if glycerol phenylbutyrate is safe and well tolerated in children with monogenetic DEE.