Active clinical trials for "Endotoxemia"

Rationale: The last years, research focus has moved to immunostimulatory agents in order to restore or increase the functionality of the immune system during sepsis-induced immunoparalysis. Epidemiologic data show that prehospital use of low dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is associated with improved outcome of sepsis. Experimental data indicate that ASA exerts pro-inflammatory effects during systemic inflammation. However, it remains to be determined whether treatment with ASA improves immune function once immunoparalysis has developed and whether prehospital use of low dose ASA prevents the development of immunoparalysis. In the former case, ASA is a potential immunostimulatory therapy that can treat sepsis-induced immunoparalysis. In the latter case, ASA may have a broader indication as an immunomodulating agent. Taken together, ASA might be a promising, cheap, well-known, and globally available agent to reduce the incidence of secondary infections and improve patient outcome in sepsis. Objective: To determine whether acetylsalicylic acid treatment can reverse endotoxin tolerance, which is expressed as a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels between the first and second endotoxin challenge. To determine whether acetylsalicylic acid prophylaxis can prevent endotoxin tolerance, which is expressed as a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels between the first and second endotoxin challenge. Study design: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled pilot study in 30 healthy male volunteers during repeated experimental endotoxemia. All subjects will receive a 14 day course of study medication (low-dose ASA or placebo) and undergo experimental endotoxemia (lipopolysacharide (LPS), E.Coli type O113) on day 7 and on day 14. LPS is administrated using an initial bolus of 1ng/kg followed by continuous infusion at 1ng/kg/hr during 3 hours. Subjects are randomized in three study arms: Treatment group: 7 days placebo / first endotoxemia / 7 days ASA 80 mg (loading dose on first day of 160mg) / second endotoxemia Prophylaxis group: 7 days ASA 80 mg (loading dose on first day of 160mg) / first endotoxemia / 7 days ASA 80 mg / second endotoxemia Placebo group: 7 days placebo / first endotoxemia / 7 days placebo / second endotoxemia

This study evaluates the cardiovascular effects of adding the ketone body 3-hydroxy butyrate (3-OHB) to whey protein during human endotoxemia. Further, this study compares cardiovascular changes during healthy and catabolic conditions. Participants will receive isocaloric, isonitrogenous beverages of either whey or 3-OHB+whey in a randomized crossover design during either healthy (overnight fast) or catabolic conditions (inflammation/endotoxemia + 36 h fast and bed rest).

Excessive inflammation is associated with tissue damage caused by over-activation of the innate immune system. This can range from mild disease to extreme conditions such as multiple organ failure (MOF). In marked contrast to adaptive immunity which is very sensitive to immune modulators such as steroids, the innate immune system cannot be sufficiently targeted by currently available anti-inflammatory drugs. We hypothesize that C1-esterase inhibitor can modulate the innate immune response. In this study, human endotoxemia will be used as a model for inflammation. Subjects will, additionally to endotoxin, receive C1 esterase inhibitor or placebo. Blood will be sampled to determine the levels of markers of the innate immune response.

The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of dietary fiber on intestinal function in healthy subjects.

This is an exploratory study on the metabolic endotoxemia associated with type 2 diabetes. The investigators will measure systemic endotoxin level and lipid level after ingestion of high fat diet to evaluate the effect of gemigliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, on metabolic endotoxemia and lipemia induced by high fat diet.

The purpose of this study is to investigate putative ethnic differences in the proinflammatory response in human endotoxemia.

This study compares three different protein supplements (casein, whey and leucine-enriched whey) and their effect on post-inflammatory muscle waste in a model of acute disease. Each test person will undergo all three interventions. It is believed that leucine is the primary driver of muscle protein synthesis and therefore we hypothesize that leucine-enriched whey and whey are superior to casein in combating post-inflammatory muscle waste, because of its higher leucine content (16%, 11% and 9% leucine, respectively).

We will investigate whether human endotoxemia induces changes in human bone marrow cells and their downstream effector cells. To comprehensively investigate underlying mechanisms behind functional and transcriptional changes in these cell types, we will use state-of-the-art systems biology techniques, including single cell transcriptomics (epi)genetics, and metabolomics.

The purpose of this study is to determine genetic factors that affect responses to niacin therapy and endotoxemia in healthy volunteers.

The purpose of this study is to establish the safety and feasibility of low dose LPS administration to a small subset of humans in preparation for a larger USDA funded study examining what is the lowest effective dose of EPA + DHA (300, 600, 900 and 1,800 mg/day delivered as fish oil supplements) that significantly attenuates the inflammatory response the investigators wish to examine the effects of an endotoxemia model for inducing inflammation. Based on previous research, low dose LPS administration affects metabolism in humans with only minimal clinical effects (such as "flu" like illness). Therefore, each of the six subjects included in this small pilot study will receive a low dose of LPS and placebo in order to learn more about the metabolic changes that occur during administration and inflammation. The investigators hypothesis that LPS administration will elicit only minimal clinical effects (such as "flu" like illness) when compared to placebo (saline--water with the same amount of salt as in your blood).