Active clinical trials for "Fecal Incontinence"

Previous studies show that incontinence is relatively common during pregnancy and after delivery. Experiencing incontinence during pregnancy or in the first year after delivery increases the risk of long term incontinence. There is scarce documentation of the long term prevalence of anal incontinence (AI) in Norway. This study aims to explore prevalence and risk factors for incontinence approximately six years after delivery among the 1718 who participated in two previous studies exploring the prevalence and predictors of anal incontinence in late pregnancy and during the first year after first delivery, and the effect of pelvic floor muscle exercises as treatment for anal incontinence after delivery. Increased awareness and knowledge about risk factors and long term prevalence of anal incontinence among health professionals as well as pregnant and parous women may give indications about which women to target for preventative measures to reduce the risk of new onset of postpartum AI during pregnancy and after delivery. Further, increased knowledge may aid in planning individualized follow-up during pregnancy and the first year as well as in the long term among women with existing AI symptoms.

The study design will be a cohort study to determine the incidence of FI symptoms at 6, 12 and 24 weeks postpartum in primiparous women sustaining an OASI. At 6, 12 and 24 weeks postpartum, subjects will be contacted by telephone for evaluation of FI symptoms. Symptoms of FI will be defined by at least monthly symptoms of leakage of liquid, solid stool, and mucus. Flatal incontinence will be assessed at 24 weeks, based on the Fecal Incontinence Severity Index, and fecal urgency will be assessed at 24 weeks based on the one question from the Modified Manchester questionnaire. A sample size of approximately 400-450 subjects will be enrolled.

Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) has over the last 20 years been recognised as an efficient treatment option for faecal incontinence (FI). In a selected patient group we have evidence that 90% of patients will have a successful test period (≥50% reduction in incontinence episodes). If preoperative there is motor response on at least 3 out of 4 poles on the lead, at a threshold ≤1.5 mAMP. Hypotheses In a selected patient group suffering from faecal incontinence a one-stage permanent implant will be possible. The functional results will be improved as more time can be spent finding the optimal pacemaker settings as the risk of infection is reduced compared to the stage implant. One-Stage implantation gives the opportunity to test the amount of placebo effect with SNS. During the first 3 months postoperative patients will be randomized to either stimulation amplitude set at 90% of sensory threshold (control group) or 3 periods of stimulation at 0.05v (placebo), 50% and 90% of sensory threshold. Patients are randomized in a 1 to 2 pattern. After the initial 3 months the stimulation amplitude is increased to sensory threshold. After six months the project ends and the number of patients achieving the 50% improvement in incontinence episodes are evaluated.

The ForConti Fecal Incontinence Management System (FIMS) is indicated for the management of accidental bowel leakage due to bowel incontinence. The ForConti FIMS is designed for self-insertion to seal and help prevent the involuntary leakage of stool, liquids and gases from the rectum. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate that the ForConti FIMS is safe and that it improves management of fecal incontinence and improves quality of life. Patients will record bowel events in a daily diary over a 6 week period, which includes 2 weeks without using the device followed by 4 weeks using the device. Quality of Life questionnaire will be completed before and after use of the device. Stool leakage data collected when the device is not being used will be compared with data collected during use of the device to determine effectiveness.

Urge faecal incontinence (FI) and passive FI are the two subgroups of FI described by the International Continence Society. Urge FI is described as "the inability to defer defecation once the urge is perceived for long enough to reach a toilet" and passive FI as "the involuntary leakage of faeces without forewarning". If several validated questionnaires are available for FI, all of these questionnaires were developed to assess FI severity. In literature, there is only a small number of studies that investigated clinical and paraclinical characteristics of the different phenotype of FI. Moreover, there is an heterogenicity in the definitions used for both urge and passive FI among these studies. Lastly, patients with mixed FI were commonly excluded from these studies. It can be established that there is a lack of validate tools to distinguish patients between subgroups of FI. The aim of the present study was to develop and to validate a new tool in order to investigate and classify patients among the different subgroups of FI (active, passive and mixed) defined by Rome IV criteria. A monocentric prospective study was conducted in the Neuro-urology Department of a University Hospital. All consecutive patients presenting in the Department with FI between December 2019 and June 2020 were screened for inclusion in the present study. Criteria of inclusion were an age older than 18 years old and symptoms of FI according to Rome IV criteria. Exclusion criteria were anorectal fistula, active inflammatory bowel disease, anorectal malignant tumor not treated, rectal or hemorrhoidal prolapses and specific inability regarding the questionnaire (i.e. cognitive disorders, inability to read and to understand questions). Phase 1: review of literature and qualitative interviews: To determine the dimensions of the different subgroups of faecal incontinence, a literature review was performed using Pubmed without date limitation until February 2020. The key words used were "active faecal incontinence", "active fecal incontinence", "passive faecal incontinence", "passive fecal incontinence", "urge faecal incontinence", "urge fecal incontinence", "questionnaire", "scale", "score" and "tool". In parallel to this literature review, semi-structured interviews were performed on 20 patients from December 2019 to February 2020. During this phase, a panel expert of 9 neuro-urologists and gastroenterologists was composed. At the term of all interviews, dimensions that were both the most used by patients and the most discriminative among subgroups of FI were included in the questionnaire. Redaction of questions was then performed by the panel expert. Phase 2: feasibility study: The feasibility study was conducted from February to April 2020 on 30 patients. Each patient was asked to rate each version of the 2 questions with a four-point Likert scale (A: very good, B: good, C: difficult, D: very difficult) regarding acceptance and comprehension of the questions. Phase 3: validation study: To investigate the psychometric properties of the questionnaire, a validation study was performed from April to June 2020 on 100 consecutive patients. In order to evaluate the FITAS' test reproducibility, patients were asked to answer a second time the questionnaire by mail with a second evaluation from 7 days to 10 days after the first one. The "intra-class correlation coefficient" (ICC) was used to determine if these evaluations could lead to similar results for each question. An ICC > 0.70 was necessary to define reproducibility.

High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and anal cancer are rising in incidence and at highest risk are HIV positive men who have sex with men (MSM). This pilot study assessing anal function and patient-reported outcomes before and after laser ablation of HSIL will add to the evidence that such a therapy is an acceptable and safe treatment to offer in a preventative setting.We will be recruting HIV positive and negative MSM.

The first objective to determinate the prevalence of pelvic floor dysfunction in pregnant women and in the first year postpartum. The second objective is to assess the anatomical (both clinical and ultrasound), demographic and obstetric variables in symptomatic women and their association with pelvic floor dysfunction, sexual function and Body Image. This is a single center prospective cohort study. Women will be asked to fill out a questionnaire at the time of their 1st and 3rd trimester scan, at the postpartum checkup and 12 months postpartum. Furthermore, they will undergo a pelvic floor ultrasound at the time of their first and third trimester scan. The presence of pelvic floor dysfunctions will be recorded through validated self-administered questionnaires with five domains: Wexner questionnaire for anal incontinence, PAC-SYM for constipation, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form for urinary incontinence, the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Distress Inventory for pelvic organ prolapse, POP/UI Sexual Questionnaire - IUGA revised for sexual function. The body image perception will be assessed using the Dutch-validated version of the self-administered Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire. The anatomy of the pelvic floor will be objectively assessed off line on 3D/4D transperineal ultrasound volumes and POP-Q examination. The demographic variables and information about the pregnancy and the delivery will be obtained from the medical records.

To determine the prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence among women in Minnesota using a short web-based self-administered questionnaire.

This study focuses on the validation of the Adaptation Index instrument as a measurement of adaptive behaviors used to reduce symptoms of FI and to describe the use of adaptive behaviors among women with FI.

Hypotheses: High definition manometry (HDM) is safe and feasible in humans; HDM accurately characterizes anorectal anatomy and function in healthy humans; HDM provides comparable information regarding the structure and function of the anorectal region, to that obtained from ano-rectal manometry and anal ultrasonography (AUS), in patients with fecal incontinence or constipation. Methods: 20 healthy volunteers, 20 patients with fecal incontinence, 20 patients with constipation will be recruited. Because anorectal disorders are more common in women, the investigators will recruit approximately 8 men and 12 women in each group. Each subject will undergo anorectal manometry, anal ultrasound and high definition manometry. Data Analysis: Spearman correlational analysis will be performed to compare the parameters listed above. Also, the diagnostic yield of anal ultrasonography vs HDM in identifying anatomic sphincter defects will be assessed.