Active clinical trials for "Influenza, Human"

Some people experience symptoms just after receiving the seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine. The cause of some of these symptoms is likely to be an immune response to the vaccine. The investigators would like to look at the earliest immune responses to the inactivated influenza vaccine. This pilot study will help us to determine at what time points we should look.

Background: - Researchers want to know if a certain type of antibody in the blood affects whether people get influenza (the flu). They will study 2 different groups with different levels of anti-HA antibodies and expose them to the flu virus. They will study how the flu develops in a healthy person. This may lead to future studies to develop new vaccines and treatments for the flu. Objective: - To study how people can be protected from flu infection. Eligibility: - Healthy volunteers 18 to 50 years of age. Design: Participants will be screened through the use of a medical history, physical exam, and laboratory tests. Groups of 7 participants will stay in an isolation unit in a hospital for at least 9 days with no visitors. Participants will be screened again upon admission. They will also have: ECG: soft electrodes will be stuck to the skin. A machine will record the heart s electrical signals. Echocardiogram: a small probe will be held to the chest to take pictures of the heart. Lung tests: participants will blow into a machine. They will also have nasal fluid collected. This will be done either with a swab or with a tube of water washing out the nose. This will be done once every day. The flu virus will be sprayed into the participant s nose. This will be done only once. Participants will complete a questionnaire on day 1 and twice a day after that for 14 days. A medical team will watch participants 24 hours a day. They will go home after 2 days of negative flu tests. Participants will have 4 follow-up visits over 8 weeks.

The purpose of the study is to better understand how the use of antibiotics changes micro-organisms in the intestines. The change to micro-organisms in the intestines may change the body's vaccine immune response and alter the effectiveness of the IIV (seasonal flu) vaccine. In particular, the investigators will be looking at certain markers in blood after vaccination with IIV (seasonal flu vaccine) with or without the use of antibiotics before vaccination. There will be two randomized groups. Group A will start taking antibiotic by mouth 3 days prior to vaccination and continue taking antibiotics the day of vaccination and one day after vaccination for a total of 5 days. Group B will only receive the IIV (seasonal flu vaccine) and will not take any antibiotics. The investigators hope to enroll 50 subjects at Emory.

Vaccination is the most effective way of preventing infectious diseases. Despite the success of vaccines in general, vaccines induce diminished antibody responses and lower protection in the elderly in particular. This could be explained by a defect in the early responses of an ageing immune system. A better understanding of the basic immunological mechanisms that mediate vaccine efficacy is incomplete. Such information is critical and could greatly decrease both the cost and the time to new vaccine development particularly for the geriatric population. In this trial, the investigators will study the immunologic differences of an FDA approved licensed influenza vaccine between a younger and an older group. Twenty two healthy volunteers between the age of 25-40 and forty four healthy volunteers above the age of 65 will be enrolled in the study. Each participant in the study will be given one flu shot. Blood work will be obtained prior to vaccination, one day, three days, seven days, fourteen days, as well as one month and six months after vaccination. Throughout the duration of the study, the participants will be monitored for safety.

Eligible research subjects will be randomized to receive either FluMist or inactivated influenza vaccine then stratified by age and necessity to receive either one or two immunizations. Subjects requiring one immunization will be immunized at Day 0. Subjects requiring two immunizations will be immunized at Day 0 and Day 28. Subjects will be observed for 30 minutes following vaccination and given a diary card to record symptoms after each vaccination.

A randomized, controlled clinical trial to assess whether text messaging to an outpatient obstetric population can improve maternal influenza vaccine uptake.

The primary objective of the study was to provide sera (collected from participants before vaccination [Blood Sample 1] and after final vaccination [Blood Sample 2]) to the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) for further analysis by the World Health Organization (WHO), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to support formulation recommendations for subsequent influenza vaccines.

The aim of the study is to identify what sender/signal combinations are most persuasive in encouraging low socioeconomic males living in the U.S. to take-up seasonal flu vaccination. The investigators plan to recruit male subjects and randomly assign them to four persuasion treatments: three of which vary dimensions of the sender of a medical recommendation (racial concordance and authority treatments) and one which varies the signal (standard vs. empathetic). Specifically, the investigators will show subjects videos of either Black or white actors/actresses providing scripted information on the flu vaccination. The investigators will randomize the race of the sender and if the subject is Black, also randomize the authority of the sender, with the actor portraying either a doctor or a layperson. In addition, the investigators will vary the script used in the experiment between one that acknowledges past injustices (indicated as an empathetic script hereafter) and one that does not (indicated as a standard script hereafter). The investigators will provide subjects a free flu shot coupon and elicit the price at which subjects would be willing to give up this coupon for a cash reward. Lastly, in light of the relevance of vaccination take-up in combating COVID-19 pandemic, the investigators will assess demand for information about a COVID-19 vaccine, with subjects invited to receive results of a safety and efficacy review from a trusted or standard source. The design requires the collection of baseline and endline surveys combined with administrative data from pharmacies about coupon redemption. The primary outcomes of interest are posterior beliefs about seasonal flu vaccination, demand and willingness-to-pay (WTP) for a free flu shot coupon, redemption of the coupon, and demand for information about a COVID-19 vaccine.

This research aims to identify which behavioral science strategies are most effective at increasing flu vaccination rates overall and based on patients' individual characteristics. Past behavioral science interventions have shown promise in increasing flu vaccinations. For example, successful interventions have encouraged people to make concrete plans for when they will get a flu vaccination (Milkman et al. 2011), sent automated calls or text messages reminding patients to get a flu vaccination (Cutrona et al. 2018; Regan et al. 2017), or provided financial incentives for getting vaccinated (Nowalk et al. 2010). Although these results are promising, these studies have been conducted in isolation on different populations, which makes it difficult to compare their interventions' effectiveness or to have enough power to reliably detect differing responses to interventions based on individual characteristics. This research will simultaneously test 19 different SMS interventions to increase flu vaccinations in a "mega-study" and apply machine learning to identify which interventions work best for whom. The interventions are designed by behavioral science experts from the Behavior Change for Good Initiative (BCFG), Penn Medicine Nudge Unit (PMNU), and Geisinger Behavioral Insights Team (BIT). We expect to include at least 80,000 participants. The specific aims of this research are to identify (1) which behavioral science strategies effectively increase flu vaccination rates overall, and (2) which strategies are most effective for different subgroups (e.g., based on age, gender, race).

This trial is taking place in Los Angeles, CA among patients from primary care practices within the UCLA Health System. The study design is a 2x2x2 factorial design, nested in a parallel 2-arm trial. The parallel arms are control v. reminder letter (reminder messages sent via the patient portal, reminding participants of an overdue influenza vaccine) Nested within the reminder letter arm, we will have 3 additional components: A direct scheduling link within the reminder letter enabling the patient to schedule an influenza vaccine only visit (direct scheduling link vs. no direct scheduling link). A pre-commitment prompt (pre-commitment prompt vs. no prompt) asking about a patient's intention to get the influenza vaccination A pre-appointment reminder, encouraging patients to ask for their influenza vaccine at their upcoming appointment (pre-appointment reminder encouraging influenza vaccination vs. standard pre-appointment reminder not mentioning influenza vaccination)