Active clinical trials for "Hypercapnia"

This study will describe influence of NHF or NIV to different ultrasonographic parameters of the diaphragm. Therefor subjects will be randomized to the sequence NHF and than NIV or NIV and than NHF. In all subjects same parameters will be evaluated.

Chronic lung conditions such as smoking related lung damage lead to breathing fail. This results in accumulation of gases such as carbon-di-oxide in the body especially during periods of illness known as exacerbation. Current management of carbon-di-oxide accumulation is administration of oxygen, nebulisers, antibiotics etc and if necessary, provide a tight fitting mask around the face to provide breathing support. If this fails, then a patient is placed on a mechanical ventilator. The tight fitting mask therapy is also called non-invasive ventilation and is used widely but patients acceptability of the therapy is limited. Providing a high flow of air with some oxygen could potentially provide the same benefit of the non-invasive ventilation and may also be better accepted by patients. Currently the knowledge and evidence from studies suggest a beneficial role for this high flow therapy but this has not been investigated in well designed studies. In the proposed study we aim to investigate whether use of the high flow therapy reduces the need for non-invasive ventilation in patients who present with a recent onset accumulation of carbon-di-oxide in their body due to long-term lung disease. If this shows benefit, it will lead to a bigger trial with patient benefiting by reduction in the non-invasive ventilation or indeed a need for an invasive breathing machine.

The mechanism behind postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) involves many causes including a sympathetic nervous system problem. Blood gases, like carbon dioxide (CO2), have an important effect on sympathetic activation. The purpose of this research study is to determine if higher CO2 levels have any effect in lowering heart rate and reducing POTS symptoms when upright/standing. The investigators are also searching for the ideal CO2 concentration to achieve the most effective response

This study is designed to evaluate the effects of the coadministration of paroxetine or escitalopram with an opioid on ventilation. Ventilation will be assessed using a rebreathing methodology. This study will evaluate chronic and acute dosing of paroxetine and escitalopram combined with an opioid as well as chronic and acute dosing of the two drugs without coadministration of an opioid. This study is a 3-period, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study conducted with 25 healthy participants. Each participant will receive each of the 3 treatments (placebo/oxycodone, paroxetine/oxycodone, escitalopram/oxycodone) in a randomized order.

This study will evaluate the ability of High Velocity Nasal Insufflation [HVNI] to effect ventilation and related physiologic responses in hypercapnic patients when compared to noninvasive positive pressure ventilation [NIPPV].

The TAME Cardiac Arrest trial will study the ability of higher arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) levels to reduce brain damage, comparing giving patients 'normal' to 'slightly higher than normal' blood PaCO2 levels and assessing their ability to return to normal life-tasks. It will be the largest trial ever conducted in heart attack patients in the intensive care unit. This therapy is cost free and, if shown to be effective, will improve thousands of lives, transform clinical practice, and yield major savings.

The purpose of this research study is to better understand how blood flow and metabolism are different between normal controls and patients with disease. The investigators will examine brain blood flow and metabolism using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The brain's blood vessels expand and constrict to regulate blood flow based on the brain's needs. The amount of expanding and contracting the blood vessels can do varies by age. The brain's blood flow changes in small ways during everyday activities, such as normal brain growth, exercise, or deep concentration. Significant illness or physiologic stress may increase the brain's metabolic demand or cause other bigger changes in blood flow. If blood vessels are not able to expand to give more blood flow when metabolic demand is high, the brain may not get all of the oxygen it needs. In less extreme circumstances, not having as much oxygen as it wants may cause the brain to grow and develop more slowly than it should. One way to test the ability of the blood vessels to expand is by measuring blood flow while breathing in carbon dioxide (CO2). CO2 causes blood vessels in the brain to dilate without increasing brain metabolism. The study team will use a special mask to control the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide patients breath in so that we can study how their brain reacts to these changes. This device designed to simulate carbon dioxide levels achieved by a breath-hold and target the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood in breathing patients. The device captures exhaled gas and provides an admixture of fresh gas and neutral/expired gas to target different carbon dioxide levels while maintaining a fixed oxygen level. The study team will obtain MRI images of the brain while the subjects are breathing air controlled by the device.

The aim of the project is to experimentally determine the effect of the choice of finger for the placement of a pulse oximeter sensor on the results of measuring peripheral blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) in a healthy person with short-term hypoxia and hypercapnia.

The aim of the project is to evaluate the effect of hypercapnia on physiological parameters in a healthy person during short-term hypoxia and hypercapnia.

The goal of this clinical trial is to compare the new asymmetric nasal high flow interface with the conventional high flow nasal cannula in patients with COPD exacerbation. The main questions the study aims to answer are: • Does the use of the asymmetric interface lead to: A greater decrease in the patients' carbon dioxide A greater decrease in respiratory rate and less dyspnea Less need for advanced oxygen therapy measures Same tolerance and comfort Lower heart rate and blood pressure Participants will be asked to: Wear the asymmetric and conventional cannulas for 3 hours each with a 30 minute gap in-between. Arterial blood samples and various clinical parameters will be collected throughout the study period. Researchers will compare the effect of asymmetric versus conventional cannulas to answer the aforementioned questions.