Active clinical trials for "Infections"

Evaluate the prevalence and types of urinary tract infections, the features of the gut and urinary tract microbiota in cirrhosis, to assess its importance in the development of complications and outcomes of cirrhosis.

To examine the impact of health determinants at the individual (e.g. health related behaviors) and societal level (e.g. environmental factors, health related policy, quality of health systems) on health outcomes (e.g. death, non-communicable disease development) across a range of socioeconomic and health resource settings. Additional components of this study will examine genetic factors for non-communicable diseases. This will be examined both through a cross sectional component, and prospectively (cohort component).

The aim of this prospective randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the impact of high concentration supplemental postoperative oxygen therapy on short-term and long-term results of liver transplantation, particularly with respect to infections and biliary complications.

The overarching goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and implementation outcomes of two low-cost interventions of different intensities to increase prescribing of recommended short antibiotic durations for acute otitis media (AOM) for children 2 years of age and older. A multi-center cluster randomized controlled trial using a hybrid type 2 implementation effectiveness design will be used to evaluate interventions. The High-Intensity intervention will include clinician education, individualized clinician audit and feedback with peer comparison, and electronic health record (EHR) changes of prescription fields, whereas the Low-Intensity intervention will include clinician education and EHR changes. In total, 46 community-based clinics and/or urgent care centers across two distinct geographic regions in the United States will be randomized to one of the two interventions. The Practical Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM) will be used to guide implementation and the Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework will be used to evaluate outcomes. A mixed-methods approach will be used in the pre-implementation and evaluation phases and will utilize quantitative analyses, semi-structured interviews, focus groups, surveys, and cost analyses. National stakeholders at the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention will assist with dissemination of findings and scaling of interventions.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether a single strain capsulated probiotic, when used after standard C. difficile antibiotic therapy, is effective in reducing the risk of infection recurrence mediated by a decrease in colonization by toxigenic C. difficile. This study will include adults with a history of two episodes of C. difficile infection (CDI).

The pathogeneses of many inflammatory diseases are not completely understood, yet, dysregulation of the human microbiota is increasingly being investigated as a possible contributing factor. The human microbiota includes bacteria, archaea, viruses and fungi. In general, little is known about the fungal colonization in inflammatory skin diseases. This study aims to examine the prevalence of microbiome in skin and oral mucosa of a variety of patients and healthy volunteers visiting the Dermatological outpatient clinic. The study is designed as a case-control study comparing the incidence of colonization or infection in skin and oral mucosa of patients with different skin diseases and healthy volunteers. Patients with selected skin diseases, staff at Zealand University Hospital in Roskilde, relatives to staff and students with relation to the Dermatologic Department will be asked to fill out a short questionnaire and have swaps taken from oral mucosa, as well as skin scrapings and tape strips from lesional skin (only patients) and non-lesional skin (all).

Youth under age 18 involved in the criminal justice system are disproportionately minorities & affected by substance abuse, mental illness, & HIV/STI. Most young offenders are released on community supervision without the STI, mental health, or substance use screening, diagnosis, & treatment afforded detained youth, despite similar rates of risk behavior. Their long-term trajectory is poor, costs to society are high, & lasting effects on community well-being & individual employment prospects are profound. Altering this trajectory is a public health priority. Preventing HIV Among Teens (PHAT) Life is an evidence-based program that meets the need in juvenile justice to address youths' co-morbid health problems. The next step in ensuring that this decade-long line of research produces actual, real-world improvements in the lives of probation youth is to develop a PHAT Life training strategy that is effective, cost-effective, & sustainable within juvenile justice settings. The private/public collaboration between ORBIS & UIC will leverage existing resources & competencies to create a commercially viable technology-based training tool for PHAT Life with great potential for sustainability & cost-effectiveness. This Phase II uses a formative process to refine, enhance & complete the technology-based training tool to include: (a) an interactive multimedia web browser & mobile application, (b) dynamic multimedia presentations & interactive queries, (c) video examples of mock intervention delivery, (d) audio narration along with scripted language, (e) brief quizzes to ensure comprehension & knowledge acquisition, (f) opportunities to "learn more" by clicking on tabs for supplemental information, (g) targeted referrals to appendix materials, (h) games to promote engagement, & (i) other adaptations based on Phase I feedback. The proposed technology-based training tool should be highly sustainable, because it (a) relies on "indigenous" personnel to deliver the intervention, (b) is likely to prove cost-effective since it will utilize a technology that can deliver training at scale, & (c) will improve fidelity by leveraging technology to provide consistent training experiences to para-professionals. The training tool will be evaluated via a 2-arm RCT with 130 individuals who work with justice-involved youth. Trainees will receive the technology-based training tool.

CLUE trial aims to determine the feasibility and predictive value for surgical site infection (SSI) of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in emergency laparotomy patients with diffuse peritonitis.

The oral cavity is an easily accessible anatomical site that accurately reflects the health of the individual. The mouth is considered an early indicator of biological aging, leading to the identification of oral biomarkers predictive of future alterations. Current data show that the oral health of high level athletes is globally altered with an increase in cariogenic indexes, an increased incidence of periodontitis, dental trauma and dry mouth syndromes. Few studies have focused on the oral microbiota compared to mouthguards used in rugby or boxing which seem to induce dysbiosis, a recent study shows an effect of ketogenic diet on bacterial changes in the mouth of endurance athletes. This project focuses on the impact of intensive sport practice on oral health and the identification of oral biomarkers associated with physical activity. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of the amount of endurance sport practice on oral microbiota and oral health in young adults. the hypothesis is that a sedentary lifestyle and high-level sport induce depletion and/or changes in the oral microbiota compared to regular physical activity.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn about the gut microbiome in healthy postmenopausal women aged 50-64. The main questions it aims to answer are: Investigate whether the activity of the bacterial enzyme β-glucuronidase and the abundance of β-glucuronidase-producing bacteria could be decreased by ingestion of 2 apples a day for a period of 6 weeks Examine changes in gut microbiota composition, diversity, and functional capacity Examine feasibility of eating 2 apples a day for a period of 6 weeks Participants will eat 2 apples a day for a period of 6 weeks. Six weeks includes the period from the start of the study and gathering of baseline characteristics/questionnaires till the finish.