Active clinical trials for "Infections"

This is a phase II, open-label trial to evaluate valganciclovir as a treatment to prevent development of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in infants with asymptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The trial will be conducted in two phases - screening of newborns to identify eligible subjects, and treatment of those newborns who have confirmed CMV infection at birth but without outward manifestations of congenital CMV infection. 229 newborns with confirmed CMV infection but without baseline SNHL and who meet all inclusion/exclusion criteria will be enrolled into the treatment phase. Study duration is 5 years. Primary objective of this study is to estimate the proportion of subjects with asymptomatic congenital CMV infection who, following treatment with 4 months of oral valganciclovir, develop SNHL by 6 months of life.

This study evaluates the current surgical practices at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in comparison to the World Health Organization's Surgical Unit Based Safety Programme guidelines and aims to determine how deviations from those guidelines are associated with varying rates of surgical site infection incidence in this population. The results of this study will help elucidate risk factors for surgical site infection and prioritize future interventions to decrease the rate of surgical site infection at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, as well as other low and middle-income hospitals. The data collected regarding surgical site infection rates will also prove beneficial in measuring outcomes of any interventions that are developed as a result of this study.

EVHA T01 is an international, phase I/II, multicentre, multi-stage, double-blind study that will evaluate at least three experimental arms compared to placebo control in HIV-1 infected participants to see if one or more has a clinically relevant impact on the control of viral replication.

Antibacterial drugs are facing increasing limitations in terms of effectiveness due to emergence resistance. Improved antibacterial drug monitoring approaches are particularly needed in nosocomial infections occurring in ICU patients, including ventilator-associated pneumonia and ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis, where decreased susceptibility of the etiological organisms is observed worldwide and pharmacokinetic alterations frequently observed. No routine drug monitoring is available for betalactams at the point of care in a useful time frame (i.e., within a few hours after having collected the blood specimens). The purpose of this study is to compare MON4STRAT approach for reaching and maintaining a meropenem pre-determined PK-PD target when compared to conventional meropenem dose.

This study tests the effects of pre-emptive treatment with an experimental drug PC945 in lung transplant recipients whose lungs are infected by the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. PC945 may be useful in treating patients infected with Aspergillus fumigatus as, unlike the usual treatments, it is inhaled into the lung and has been designed to stay there and treat the infection. Participants will be monitored for up-to 12 weeks for the presence of Aspergillus in their lungs. Suitable participants will receive PC945 for an initial 28 days (Pre-emptive treatment phase) and, if needed, a further 8-weeks (Extended treatment phase).The amount of fungus in the patients' lungs will be measured over the course of the study. Participants with lung infections but not eligible for PC945 will be followed-up for 16-weeks on standard of care treatment. The study will take place at multiple sites in UK and 10 participants will receive PC945. The maximum study duration will be about 28 weeks.

The majority of children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer will experience one or more episodes of fever or infection during their course of therapy. The most common microbiologically documented infection is bloodstream infection (BSI), which can be associated with severe sepsis or death. Current methods of diagnosis require a significant load of live bacteria in the blood making early detection difficult. Delayed diagnosis and delayed optimal therapy of BSIs are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This study seeks to identify whether next generation sequencing (NGS) of pathogens can identify patients with impending bloodstream infection. This would enable preemptive targeted therapy to replace antibacterial prophylaxis which often leads ot high-density broad-spectrum antibiotic exposure and contributes to subsequent development of antibiotic resistance. PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To estimate the sensitivity and specificity of next generation pathogen sequencing for prediction of bloodstream infection in children with cancer at high risk of infection.

Context: The hyperglycemia is an important independent risk factor for the Surgical Site Infection (SSI) development among liver transplantation recipients. Objective: To evaluate the effects of an intensive postoperative protocol of blood glucose management on the surgical site infection incidence among liver transplantation recipients. Material and methods: It is an open-label clinical trial that will be randomized into 2 groups of blood glucose (BG) control: patients will undergo BG control regular in the facility chosen to research development (BG targeted 130-180 mg/dL) and the second one will undergo intensive BG control (BG targeted 80 - 130 mg/dL) until patients are eating at least 50% of a full liquid diet or receiving bolus tube feedings. A computer program will be employed to generate the randomized schedule that will be put into sequentially numbered opaque sealed envelopes by an external expert to research. A finger prick device will be used to measure the blood glucose. A blinded adjudication committee to analyse the primary endpoint SSI will adopt the SSI criteria given by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The research proposal will be registered on ClinicalTrials.gov database. Central tendency and dispersion measures, Pearson's χ2 test, Fisher's Exact Test, Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney and survival analysis by Kaplan-Meier estimated and Log-rank test will be used for data analyses. Expected outcomes: The results of the study should contribute to establishing better clinical practices on glycemic control in the liver transplantation recipient's postoperative period aiming to reduce SSI incidence and its associated morbidity and mortality.

The spread of novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) related infection (COVID-19) has led to many patient presentations in the emergency department for respiratory complaints, with many of these patients requiring ICU admission and ventilatory support. While COVID-19 patients have an increased need for supportive care, there is currently no specific treatment directed against 2019-nCoV. Nitric oxide inhalation has been used as a pulmonary vasodilator and has been found to have antiviral activity against other coronavirus strains. The primary aim of this study is to determine whether inhaled NO improves short term respiratory status, prevents future hospitalization, and improves the clinical course in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 specifically in the emergency department.

Obstructing urolithiasis can be life-threatening in the setting of urinary tract infection. The purpose of this study is to identify and validate risk factors and markers for the presence of infection and development of sepsis among patients with obstructing urolithiasis.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an infection prevention bundle on surgical site infections in patients undergone brain tumor surgery. The patients were divided into 2 groups: infection prevention bundle group and control group