Active clinical trials for "Infections"

Treatment with hyperimmune intravenous immunoglobulin (H-IVIG), derived from convalescent plasma from patients recovered from H1N1 2009 influenza A infection, for patients with severe H1N1 2009 infection will decrease mortality, reduce viral load, and shorten the length of stay in ICU and hospital.

The primary objectives of this study are to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of sofosbuvir (SOF)/velpatasvir (VEL) fixed dose combination (FDC) with and without ribavirin (RBV) for 12 weeks and SOF/VEL FDC for 24 weeks in adults with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and Child-Pugh-Turcotte (CPT) class B cirrhosis.

The primary objectives of this study are to compare the efficacy of treatment with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) fixed-dose combination (FDC) for 12 weeks with that of sofosbuvir (SOF) + ribavirin (RBV) for 24 weeks and to evaluate the safety and tolerability of each treatment regimen in participants with chronic genotype 3 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.

The primary objectives of this study are to evaluate the effect of sustained virologic response (SVR) on cerebral metabolism as determined by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and on neurocognition as measured by neurocognitive tests. This study will also evaluate the antiviral efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) fixed-dose combination (FDC) for 12 weeks in treatment-naive or treatment-experienced adults. During the blinded treatment phase, participants will be randomized 2:1 to receive LDV/SOF FDC or placebo for 12 weeks. After the unblinding at the Posttreatment Week 4 visit, participants in the placebo group will be offered open-label treatment of LDV/SOF FDC for 12 weeks.

10-day sequential therapy was not sufficient to overcome tough situation for H. pylori eradication in Korea due to high antimicrobial resistance. The present investigators assumed that doubling duration of second phase of sequential therapy might have more potent bactericidal efficacy than previous 10-day sequential regimen. But 15-day regimen with initial 5-day PPI with amoxicillin followed by remaining 10-day PPI, clarithromycin with metronidazole was not ever tested before. Moreover, whether extending the sequential therapy to 15-day might be more effective than 10-day sequential therapy is unknown especially in Korea. From this background, the present investigators prepared clinical trials regarding modified sequential therapy which was extending the treatment duration to 15 days compared than previous 10-day sequential therapy regimen. In addition, pre-treatment antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to find the possibility to overcome antimicrobial resistance.

A phase IV, prospective, multicenter , randomized open label, 48 weeks study to evaluate the antiretroviral efficacy and safety of atazanavir/ritonavir or darunavir/ritonavir, each in combination with a fixed dose of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate- emtricitabine in HIV-1-infected treatment-naïve subjects with CD4 counts below 200 µL.

The primary objectives of this study are to assess the safety of ABT-450/r/ABT-267 with and without ABT-333 coadministered with and without ribavirin (RBV) for 12 and 24 weeks in HCV GT1- or 4-infected participants with HIV-1 coinfection and to evaluate the percentage of subjects achieving HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) < lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) 12 weeks following treatment.

Background The over use of antimicrobials is recognised as the main selective pressure driving the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance in human bacterial pathogens. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infections presented in primary care and empirical antimicrobial treatment is currently recommended. Previous research has identified that a substantial proportion of Irish GPs prescribe antimicrobials for UTI that are not in accordance with the Guidelines for Antimicrobial Prescribing in Primary Care in Ireland. Aim To design, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention on GP antimicrobial prescribing and adult (18 years of age and over) patients' antimicrobial consumption when presenting with a suspected UTI. Methods The SIMPLE study is a randomised three armed intervention with practice level randomisation. Adult patients presenting with suspected UTI in primary care will be included in the study. The intervention integrates components for both GPs and patients. For GPs the intervention includes interactive workshops, audit and feedback reports and automated electronic prompts summarising recommended first line antimicrobial treatment and, for one intervention arm, a recommendation to consider delayed antimicrobial prescribing. For patients multimedia applications and information leaflets are included. A minimum of 920 patients will be recruited through 30 practices. The primary outcome is change in prescribing of first line antimicrobials in accordance with the Guidelines for Antimicrobial Prescribing in Primary Care in Ireland. The intervention will take place over 15 months. Data will be collected through a remote electronic anonymised data extraction system (iPCRN), a text messaging system and through GP and patient interviews and surveys. The intervention will be strengthened by the implementation of a social marketing framework and an economic evaluation.

This is the first clinical trial of the VRC-HIVMAB060-00-AB (VRC01) monoclonal antibody. VRC01 is a broadly neutralizing antibody directed against HIV. This is a dose-escalation study to examine safety, tolerability, dose and pharmacokinetics of VRC01. The hypothesis is that VRC01 will be safe for administration to HIV-1 infected adults by the intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) routes and will not elicit hypersensitivity reactions. Samples will be collected to learn if VRC01 is detectable in mucosal secretions and blood of participants and how long VRC01 can be detected in the blood after it is given. Between 15 and 25 HIV-1 infected adults, ages 18-70 years will be enrolled. There are 4 dose escalation groups for IV administration; the doses are 1 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg. There is 1 group for SC administration at 5 mg/kg. Each group is expected to include at least 3 participants. Each participant will receive two infusions of VRC01 with about 1 month between doses. Infusions are administered in an inpatient unit and an overnight stay at the NIH Clinical Center is required. No more than one subject per day per group will receive a first infusion of the VRC01 product by the IV route and no more than one subject per week will receive a first infusion of the product by the SC route. Study participation lasts for 24 weeks. Participant health and effect on CD4 count and HIV viral load will be monitored. Samples will be collected and stored for research purposes. ...

This is a study of HCV treatment using the standard regimen of pegylated-interferon plus ribavirin in HIV co-infected patients participating in the PHPT cohort study. The treatment will be implemented in conjunction with gastro-enterologists/hepatologists by internists responsible for the participant's HIV treatment. Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is responsible for several severe and life threatening complications, which are worsened by HIV co-infection. HIV-HCV co-infected patients are at a higher risk of death compared to HIV mono-infected individuals, even if HIV replication is suppressed on antiretroviral treatment. The goal of HCV antiviral treatment is to cure HCV infection. Curing HCV infection allows fibrosis regression, improved clinical outcomes. In addition, individuals who have been cured are no longer contagious to other individuals, therefore widespread access to HCV treatment may contribute to the control of the HCV epidemic. A combination of injectable pegylated-interferon with oral ribavirin is currently the recommended regimen for the treatment of hepatitis C in the setting of HIV co-infection. They are administered for 24 weeks in HCV mono-infected patients but need to be administered for one year in HIV-HCV co-infected patients. Newer drugs, such as the first generation HCV protease inhibitors (boceprevir, telaprevir), administered concomitantly, are used in patients who have not been cured using peg-interferon + ribavirin, and may allow for shorter treatment. PRIMARY OBJECTIVE 1. To determine the percentage of patients according to genotypes with sustained virological response 6 months after treatment discontinuation (SVR). HCV TREATMENT Peg-interferon alpha 2-b (a subcutaneous injection of 1.5 micrograms/kg once a week) Ribavirin dosing according to HCV genotype and body weight; dose adjustment in case of anemia. A total of 60 patients could be enrolled in the study: 15 HCV-HIV co-infected patients in a first part (starting in August 2014) and 45 patients in a second part, depending on funding.