Active clinical trials for "Infections"

ELVIS Kids is a parallel, open label, randomised controlled trial (RCT) of Hypertonic Saline (HS) nose drops (~2.6% NaCl) vs. standard care in children <7 years of age with symptoms of an Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI).

Data regarding optimal treatment for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae blood-stream infection are lacking. Observational studies show conflicting results when comparing treatment with combination beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor and carbapenems. The investigators aim to evaluate the effect of definitive treatment with meropenem vs. piperacillin-tazobactam on the outcome of patients with bacteremia due to cephalosporin-non-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae. The investigators hypothesize that piperacillin-tazobactam is non-inferior to meropenem.

Intravenous vancomycin is considered first line therapy for serious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections including bacteremia, central nervous system infection, pneumonia, pleural space infection, bone or joint infection, prosthetic joint infection and deep abscesses. The effectiveness and toxicity of vancomycin depend on its dosing and chosen target. The most recent guidelines suggest targeting area under the curve over 24 hours over minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC/MIC) of 400 to 600. Implementation of AUC/MIC requires Bayesian software that can be variable, costly, complicated and time consuming. Ideally, AUC/MIC dosing would also require susceptibility testing by broth microdilution, which is not commonly done. It is recommended to target AUC of 400 to 600 assuming a MIC of 1ug/mL when MIC by broth microdilution is not known. Targeting a trough level of 10 to 15mg/L may be a reasonable and more practical alternative without compromising effectiveness. We will be conducting a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial to compare intravenous vancomycin dosing strategy targeting a trough level of 10 to 15mg/L versus AUC of 400 to 600 assuming a MIC of 1ug/mL by broth microdilution for serious MRSA infections. The primary outcome will be treatment failure, which is a composite of mortality and microbiologic failure at 90 days. We hypothesize that targeting a trough level of 10 to 15mg/L is non-inferior to targeting a AUC of 400 to 600 in terms of treatment failure. The criterion for non-inferiority is that a two-sided 95% confidence interval for difference in risk of treatment failure will lie within the non-inferiority margin of 10%.

Catheter-related infections are frequent. Treatment without catheter removal is difficult because of the presence of biofilm. The association of gentamicin and EDTA is active in vitro and in vivo against biofilms formed by Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.

Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can expose patients to a transient but marked immunosuppression, during which viral infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Adoptive transfer of virus-specific T cells is an attractive approach to restore protective T-cell immunity in patients with refractory viral infections after allogeneic HSCT. The aim of this Phase III trial is to confirm efficacy of this treatment in children and adults.

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-based antiretroviral regimens in HIV-infected individuals with virological suppression.

This is a Phase 1/2, randomized, observer-blind study in healthy adults. The study will evaluate the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of 3 SARS-CoV-2 self-amplifying RNA vaccine candidates against COVID-19 in adults previously vaccinated and not previously vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2.

This study measures the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of viral-specific T cells (VST) against BK Virus (BKV) in adult kidney transplant recipients. Participants are expected to be on study for 52 weeks.

Rifampicin, is key in the treatment of staphylococcal PJIs. Rifabutin has a better profile of tolerance than rifampicin regarding the risk of interaction with concomitant medications and liver disorders. The hypothesis is that rifabutin may be an alternative antibiotic option as efficient as rifampicin for the treatment of staphylococcal PJIs, with a better safety profile. The investigator aim to demonstrate the non-inferiority of rifabutin as compared with rifampicin prescribed in combination treatment for PJIs.

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of ALIS (amikacin liposome inhalation suspension) + background regimen (azithromycin [AZI] + ethambutol [ETH]) compared to the ELC (empty liposome control) + background regimen on participant-reported respiratory symptoms at Month 13.