Active clinical trials for "Infections"

Primary: The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of Nitric Oxide Nasal Spray combined with standard supportive care compared with standard supportive care alone in adult subjects with COVID-19 not requiring hospitalization Secondary: The secondary objective is to evaluate the safety and tolerability of Nitric Oxide Nasal Spray combined with standard supportive care compared with standard supportive care alone in adult subjects with COVID-19 not requiring hospitalization.

Bloodstream infections and catheter-related infections frequently occur in burn patients. It is important to correctly assess and manage these infections. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of catheter types used in major burn patients on bloodstream infections as well as to predict sepsis status and manage its prognosis using a procalcitonin biomarker.

BACKGROUND: Surgical site infection (SSI) is potentially catastrophic in neurosurgical procedures, causing poor in-hospital outcomes in more than half of those affected and significantly increased length of hospital stay. The appropriate and timely use of prophylactic antibiotics is found to reduce the prevalence of SSIs. At present, several regimen of antimicrobial agents are used in neurosurgical procedures since the choice of appropriate antibiotic agent is not fully established. Cephalosporins are among the frequently used antibiotics for prophylaxis in neurosurgical procedures, with studies comparing first and second generation Cephalosporins to third generation in neurosurgical prophylaxis, showing no superiority of the latter over the former. Clearly, comparing Cefuroxime (a second generation Cephalosporin) to Ceftriaxone (a third generation Cephalosporin) in neurosurgical procedures will provide more knowledge on the efficacy of Cefuroxime as antibiotics prophylaxis. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to determine the comparative efficacy of cefuroxime versus ceftriaxone in the prevention of surgical site infection after neurosurgical procedures at the University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria. METHODS: The study will be a randomized controlled trial recruiting 92 participants. Participants would be patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures; they will be randomized to treatment arms (those receiving cefuroxime versus ceftriaxone for antibiotic prophylaxis). All the study articipants will be followed up for 30 days to assess for the development of surgical site infection. DATA ANALYSIS: Data will be collated, computed and analyzed using the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) Version 21. Demographics will be presented using summary statistics; mean +/- standard deviation and figures (e.g pie chart, histogram). Study outcomes will yield categorical and continuous variables which will be analyzed using chi-squared test and Z-test and/or T-test for hypothesis testing.

This is a Phase 1 dose escalating study to assess the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of ShigETEC, a live, attenuated Shigella/ETEC combination vaccine given orally to healthy European adults 18 to 45 years of age. The major aim is the development of an efficacious and safe vaccine that prevents diarrhea caused by Shigella and ETEC in travelers, military personal visiting endemic countries and children of the developing world. This Phase 1 safety and immunogenicity study used a double-blind, placebo-control design and was conducted in two stages, a single ascending and a multiple ascending stage.

Rapid diagnosis and precise treatment have become possible with multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panels that can identify a variety of causative agents of acute respiratory illnesses such as bacterial and viral infections in one urgent care visit. While real-time PCR is currently used as a standard for diagnosing acute respiratory illnesses such as influenza due to its high sensitivity and specificity, it typically takes several hours for results which is unfavorable in the urgent care setting. Highly sensitive and rapid random-access PCR tests provide the sensitivity and specificity needed to both rapidly and accurately diagnose acute respiratory illnesses. Similar PCR panels have been used in previous research for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal illnesses in the emergency department and point-of-care testing for hospitalized adults presenting with acute respiratory illness. In this study, the investigators aim to determine if a rapid multiplex PCR test for urgent care patients with symptomatic upper respiratory infections can improve patient and provider-reported outcomes. This study utilizes the Biofire® FilmArray Panel (RP2.1-EZ) which in previous studies has been shown to be highly effective in diagnosing acute respiratory illnesses.

Sepsis is a life-threatening clinical syndrome and a leading cause of neonatal deaths worldwide. The burden of neonatal sepsis and severe infection (SI) is particularly high in areas of South Asia and other resource-limited settings. The goal of the Synbiotics for the Early Prevention of Severe Infections in Infants (SEPSIS) phase II L. plantarum trial is to generate knowledge on the safety, tolerability and effects on the microbiome of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, with or without fructooligosaccharide, in infants (birth to 60 days of age) in Dhaka, Bangladesh. All data generated will support the design and implementation of a phase III trial to test the efficacy of the probiotic/synbiotic or other interventions for the prevention of SI, promotion of optimal growth and development, and effects on other health outcomes in early infancy.

The Aim: Study immunogenicity, confirm the safety and tolerability of different schedules of vaccination with "live cell-based vaccine against smallpox and other orthopoxvirus infections (VAC∆6 vaccine) based on vaccinia virus" using a complex of clinical and laboratory-instrumental techniques. The research tasks are to: To study the immunological activity of a single VAC∆6 vaccine dose of 1x10⁷ plaque-forming units (PFU). To study the immunological activity of two VAC∆6 vaccine doses (given 28 days apart) of 1x10⁶ PFU. Assess the safety of different VAC∆6 vaccination schedules using a set of clinical and laboratory-instrumental techniques (thermometry, measurement of blood pressure, heart and lung auscultation, ECG, common blood and urine tests, biochemical, immunological and virological studies). Assess the reactogenicity of different VAC∆6 vaccination schedules (number of local and systemic reactions, the percentage of those vaccinated with systemic and local reactions of various severity degrees). To identify VAC∆6 vaccine-associated adverse events. Study cell-mediated immunity induced by different VAC∆6 vaccination schedules. Determine the presence of the virus in specific skin formations (crusts, pustules), saliva, blood and urine. Evaluate the protective efficacy of one and two doses of the studied VAC∆6 vaccine.

The purpose of this retrospective study is to assess the treatment benefits of probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12 for the prevention of recurrent bacterial and viral infections of the pharynx, tonsils and ears in children under 3 years of age.

The combination of two Lactubacillus reuteri strains, ATC 55730 and ATCC PTA 6457 are marketed as GASTRUS® and has been proposed as better option in increasing Helicobacter pylori eradication rate compared to the single strain ATC 55730, due to additional anti-inflammatory properties of the second strain. Objectives of the study are to determine whether adding probiotic combination (GASTRUS®) to an anti- Helicobacter pylori regimen decreases adverse events and increases the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori in the pediatric population infected with Helicobacter pylori bacteria.

A Phase 2b Parallel-Group, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Study of SYN-004 Compared to Placebo for the Prevention of Clostridium difficile Infection (CDI) in Hospitalized Patients receiving IV ceftriaxone with a Diagnosis of a Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI).