Active clinical trials for "Infections"

The study evaluated the efficacy and safety of letermovir (MK-8228) for the prevention of clinically-significant CMV infection in adult, CMV-seropositive recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). The hypothesis being tested was that MK-8228 is superior to placebo in the prevention of clinically-significant CMV infection through Week 24 post-transplant.

Umbilical catheters are necessary for many infants admitted to the Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU)and utilized when indicated for up to 7 to 14 days. Bacterial colonization can occur at the umbilical stump and potentially lead to serious bloodstream infections (BSIs). This study is a prospective, randomized controlled feasibility trial to evaluate three types of hygiene products on umbilical line stumps, on the effect of line colonization and subsequent infections. Infants admitted to the NICU with an umbilical line(s) will be randomized into one of four study groups, three products against standard of care (no product). The three products that will be evaluated are currently being used in different capacities for skin care in the UVA NICU. The study hypothesizes that daily topical application of 1 or more antiseptic to the top of the umbilical stump will decrease colonization of the umbilical stump while umbilical lines are in place.

The respiratory and gastrointestinal infections are a very common problem with high morbidity in children. These conditions were due, in general, immaturity and all "inexperience" of the immune system, as well as to the particular anatomical structure and function of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract still developing. This inevitably means that school-age children develop disease (as a result of infection) more easily than at later ages. The frequency and duration of these conditions implies a high discomfort and incur significant costs in relation to drug administration, the need for hospitalization, days of absence from school and work days lost by parents. Recently probiotics, defined as "microorganisms that prove able, once ingested in adequate amounts, exert beneficial functions for the body "have been proposed for the treatment of treatment of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections of childhood but only in recent years have been conducted controlled clinical trials that have conclusively proven effectiveness. All probiotics induce an immune response, the characteristics of which are related to the strain or the mixture of bacteria used. Recent studies have demonstrated positive effects of probiotics on the respiratory system, and in particular on the prevention and reduction of the severity of respiratory infections, probably mediated by an increase of cells that secrete Immunoglobulin A in bronchial mucosa. It 'been shown that probiotics can be a sure way to reduce the risk of early acute otitis media and the use of antibiotics for recurrent respiratory infections during the first year of life. Similar results were seen in a study conducted on a population of 326 children aged between 3 and 5 years, who found a decrease in the incidence of antibiotic use by over 65% and a reduction of days of absence of more than 25% among children treated with a probiotic. Many of the studied effects of probiotics, understandably, refer to the digestive system. These effects relate to both conditions paraphysiological (constipation) and more specifically in situations of illness. Most of the studies carried out in recent years has demonstrated the efficacy of specific probiotics in reducing the symptoms in the pediatric population affected by infectious gastroenteritis. Probiotics reduce the duration of infectious diarrhea by 0.7 days and reduce the frequency of diarrheal episodes in the first few hours. The microbiota on the other hand participates in the function of the mucosal barrier against the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria, crucial time for the start of the infectious process. When this barrier function is altered by chemical agents, by antigens or by stressors of different nature, may manifest intestinal disorders, sometimes due to the growth of bacteria pathogens. Numerous experimental data suggest that probiotics can contribute to the reinforcement of the activities of gut mucosal barrier, in particular aspects affecting the functionality of the intestinal epithelial cells or macrophages. More recently it has been shown that daily intake for 3 months of preparation with probiotics reduce the incidence and severity of the most common respiratory infections and limits the number of days of absence school children during the winter season. It's scientifically recognized as some probiotic effects can also be obtained with the use of inactivated bacteria or bacterial components isolated (eg bacterial DNA). It has been recently proposed a modified definition of probiotic products as "prepared bacterial cells or bacterial components that have a beneficial effect on the health and welfare of the host". Among these products "probiotic-like" fall ingredients object of this study: food ingredients (rice flour and skim milk) fermented, or in which has been made to grow a probiotic (Lactobacillus CBA-L74) that has been inactivated at the end of the fermentation process through a heat treatment. The benefits are attributable to bacterial components that remain in the final product (for example, DNA, cell wall, etc.) and factors produced during the fermentation (short chain fatty acids, bacterial proteins, etc.). The main effects of these bacterial components relate to the stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), through interaction with the immune cells via Toll-like receptors. In addition, some components, such as proteins and peptides, may have a Bifidogenic activity and are available in the literature some studies that have demonstrated the ability of infant formula, milk-based fermented to reduce the severity of episodes of infectious diarrhea in children. With this data, the Commission of the European Society of Nutrition Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Pediatric Nutrition (ESPGHAN) has defined this type of products are not only safe but to determine a potential prebiotic effect and the reduction of the severity of episodes of infectious diarrhea.

Many studies have showed that rapid point-of-care (POC) c-reactive protein (CRP) test can reduce inappropriate use of antibiotic at primary health care level. In Vietnam, prevalence of antibiotic abuse for community acute respiratory infection has been reported. This study will test the hypothesis that CRP POC testing for patients with non-severe acute respiratory illness at primary healthcare stations reduces inappropriate antibiotic use safely. The study will be conducted at ten district health care facilities in Hanoi, Viet Nam. Investigators intend to enroll 2,000 participants aged 6-65 years with non-severe acute respiratory infection. Patients will be randomly allocated to the control or the intervention arm. Participants in the control group will be treated according to routine care. Participants in the intervention arm will have a CRP test, the results of which will be available to the health care practitioner to contribute to their diagnosis and treatment decisions. All patients will be followed-up via telephone call after 14 days. The study will compare the proportion of patients in each arm receiving any antibiotics within 2 weeks of study enrollment.

The hypothesis is that application of Mupirocin to the nose before and after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery will reduce the incidence of surgical site infections.

On joint orthopaedic hardware infections are one of the most frequently encountered complications in orthopaedic surgery. However 6% of the cultures remain sterile, etiological diagnosis cannot be established despite obvious signs of infection. As part of this research project, we have developed a new strategy diagnosis including directly the use of PCR to reduce the number of negative results. This should have a major therapeutic impact in terms of timeliness and specificity of antibiotic. Primary: Evaluate the effectiveness of the new diagnostic strategy on etiological identification of prosthesis infections. Hypothesis: Minimum 6 percent increase in the number of patients with an etiological diagnosis of infection on prosthesis.

This is a CCTG sponsored trial in collaboration with UCSD-AVRC investigators to get more information about the methods that are used on the internet to provide information on how to reduce the risk of giving or getting infections that are often or usually passed from one person to another during sexual or intimate contact (sexually transmitted infection (STI)). STIs include chlamydia, gonorrhea and syphilis. The purpose of this study is to develop methods that will allow someone who is living with HIV an easy way that they can get information and learn of ways on their own that can decrease their chances of getting sexually transmitted infections and ways that they can reduce the chance that they may transmit HIV to others.

This is a randomized trial to test a brief single session risk reduction counseling intervention on HIV and STI behavioral outcomes in Cape Town South Africa.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ertapenem sodium compared with ceftriaxone sodium/metronidazole for the prophylaxis of surgical site infection following elective colorectal surgery in Chinese adults. This study is designed to demonstrate that ertapenem sodium is non-inferior to ceftriaxone sodium/metronidazole in this participant population.

The objective of the study is to evaluate the effects of a follow on formula containing the human milk probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum on the incidence of infection in 6 months old infants.