Active clinical trials for "Infections"

Surgical site infections in orthopaedic surgery are a major problem. Decolonization has been suggested to reduce infection rates. The study was designed as a prospective, controlled, randomized, single-blinded trial to assess the influence of a decolonization procedure in S. aureus and non - S. aureus carriers. In this trial the 2 - year outcome in the subpopulation of prosthetic elective orthopaedic surgery will be evaluated.

Our goal is to provide data that will give surgeons and hospitals clear recommendations on the use of NPWT for Cesarean section, abdominal hysterectomy and colon surgeries in patients with diabetes and/or obesity. We also want to understand the patient experience with the dressing so that we can provide information that will enable clinicians to remove barriers to NPWT use. Additionally, we are seeking to use automated electronic medical record decision support to identify patients that will benefit most from the NPWT.

Vacuum-formed retainers are clear or transparent retainers, that hold the teeth in the new position after active orthodontic treatment. These custom made appliances are becoming popular these days due to the aesthetics value among patients. Vacuum-formed retainers can be made through a process that softens the clear plastic and vacuumed to follow the shape of the dental model before it cools off and hardens again. These dental models can be made from conventional method or through a 3D reconstruction process. Recently, it was found that there is no difference in terms of stability of the teeth and oral health related quality of life of the patients wearing vacuum-formed retainers constructed on either types of models. Physically, the surface roughness of the retainers appear different because the conventional models and 3D printed models are constructed in a different manner. Our interest is to determine whether the difference in surface roughness would affect microbial colonisation which can eventually affect the oral health. So this study aims to find the association between microbial colonisation and surface roughness of vacuum-formed retainers constructed on conventional models and also 3D reconstructed models.

This Phase 3 study was intended to assess the relative efficacy of the Quadrivalent VLP Influenza Vaccine during the 2018-2019 influenza season compared to a licensed vaccine in elderly adults 65 years of age and older. One dose of VLP Influenza Vaccine (30 μg/strain) or of Comparator (15 μg/strain) was to be administered to 12,738 participants.

To assess the efficacy of reduced duration prophylaxis followed by immuno-guided prophylaxis to prevent cytomegalovirus disease.

A disposable negative wound pressure device will be compared to standard sterile wound dressing in reducing the rate of wound infection after clean-contaminated surgical procedures on biliary tract and pancreas in patients at high risk for wound infection.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of the new South African Department of Basic Education (DBE) sexuality and HIV education program that uses scripted lesson plans and supporting activities and will be implemented by Education Development Center (EDC). The primary outcomes are the incidence of HSV-2 or pregnancy among a cohort of learners in grade 8 and followed for two years in two provinces of South Africa.

The impact of licensed rotavirus vaccines in LMICs is limited by their lower immunogenicity and efficacy in these settings. Improved vaccines and vaccination schedules would result in substantially greater reductions in infant diarrhoeal disease and mortality. Placebo-controlled trials of new rotavirus vaccines are no longer ethical, leading to challenges for traditional routes of licensure for vaccines that are in the development pipeline. A HIC model of rotavirus would address these challenges, whilst also offering an opportunity to study the causes of poor oral vaccine immunogenicity. Rotarix™ is in routine use in Zambia administered at 6 and 10 weeks infant age. Shedding of rotavirus vaccine after vaccination has recently been explored as a measure of mucosal immunity, analogous to oral poliovirus vaccine challenge models. We propose to explore methodological development of an attenuated vaccine as a HIC model to advance rotavirus immunology and vaccinology in Zambian infants. We will evaluate use of minimally invasive procedures including sublingual/submandibular sampling and stool collection for viral shedding as measures of vaccine-induced and naturally acquired mucosal immunity. This approach holds the potential to develop the first rotavirus HIC model in a low-income country and could be used to accelerate licensure of new rotavirus vaccines and explore causes of poor oral vaccine efficacy as well as correlates of vaccine protection. To do this, we will recruit a cohort of 22 Zambian infants receiving Rotarix™ at 6 and 10 weeks as part of their routine immunisation. Infants will be followed up actively on the day of vaccination, days 1,3,5 and 7 following each vaccine dose for collection of stool and saliva samples. Blood samples for IgA and IgG titres will be collected on days 0, 28, 31 and 56, and standard ELISA methods used to determine vaccine seroconversion. The work brings together collaborators at the Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Imperial College in UK and Christian Medical College, Vellore in India to prepare the Zambian centre as a potential HIC model site.

This study will test the effects of an intervention to reduce substance use and related harms among people leaving rural jails or otherwise involved in the criminal justice system. This study will compare people in a health linkage intervention with people who will get overdose (OD) education. Everyone will take part in the baseline and follow-up surveys and receive OD education. Participants will be assigned to one of the two groups by chance based on when they are enrolled to the study and if their county is randomly assigned to an intervention or a comparison condition. By doing this study, the investigators hope to learn if providing linkage to health services along with HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and overdose education to people leaving rural jails or otherwise involved in the criminal justice system will reduce substance use and related harms.

The specific aim of this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial is to evaluate the efficacy of administration of nitrofurantoin prophylaxis after catheter discontinuation for the prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections in patients with postoperative short-term catheterization following pelvic reconstructive surgery and/or urinary incontinence surgery. Patients that undergo pelvic organ prolapse and/or urinary incontinence surgery and fail their post-operative voiding trial will be included in the study. Upon successfully passing and in-office voiding trial at the time of catheter removal, they will be randomized to either nitrofurantoin 100mg twice daily or an identical appearing placebo capsule twice daily for 5 days following catheter removal. The primary outcome will be the treatment of clinically suspected and/or culture-proven UTI within 30 days of surgery. Secondary outcomes include adverse events associated with nitrofurantoin use and medication compliance. Primary and secondary outcomes will be evaluated with Student t test and chi squared or Fisher exact test as appropriate. Assuming a decrease in symptomatic UTIs attributable to nitrofurantoin prophylaxis from 32% to 14%, with 80% power, and a two-sided alpha of 0.05, we should recruit a total of 164 patients.