Active clinical trials for "Infections"

100 Russian children of 2 years of age and less in high-risk populations (preterm, and/or with heart and lung problems) will receive palivizumab (Synagis) 15 mg/kg intramuscularly as prophylaxis to severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in order to study the safety and efficacy of the drug in Russian subjects.

Colonization of patients with Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria (AMRB) like Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) enterobacteriaceae leads to infections; and ultimately to adverse outcomes (eg prolonged hospital stay, death). This is an urgent problem in Europe, especially in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). In this trial, colonization of patients with these AMRB will be assessed in the baseline period (6m). In phase 2 the effect of a Hygiene Improvement Program, including Chlorhexidine body washings and a Hand Hygiene training program, will be assessed (6m). In phase 3 units will be randomized to either Active Surveillance with Chromagar based tests or a Molecular based tests. Study Hypothesis: the abovementioned interventions will reduce ICU-acquired colonization rates with MRSA, VRE and ESBL.

This study is funded by the American Heart Association. The goal of this research is to prevent early cardiovascular damage before symptoms develop for persons with HIV infection. Evidence suggests that taking low doses of blood pressure and cholesterol medication reduces risk for heart disease in persons who are at increased risk (such as the case with HIV infection). Participants who are taking HIV treatment with an 'undetectable' viral load, and who do NOT need treatment for high blood pressure or cholesterol may be eligible to enroll. Participants will take a low dose cholesterol medication (or placebo) and a low dose of a blood pressure medication (or a placebo), and will be seen at 3 study visits over 4 months.

This study is a first-in-human (Phase 1) study using three dose levels of an investigational vaccine directed against Staphylococcus aureus (SA3Ag). This study is primarily designed to assess how safe and well tolerated SA3Ag is, but will also describe the immune response over 12 months elicited by SA3Ag. Additionally, this study will assess the effect of SA3Ag vaccine on the number of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that naturally occur on the skin and within the nose and throat.

The purpose of this study is to see if applying PRP and PPP to surgical sites and the closing incision helps prevent infection and slow wound healing.

Helicobacter pylori-infection (H. pylori) affects about fifty percent of the general population and is associated with peptic ulcer disease, non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric lymphoma. Currently, diagnostic methods include breath tests, serology, stool antigen tests, histology or the Helicobacter urease test (HUT). The aim of our study is to access the clinical reliability of a new, electrochemical device for rapid H. pylori detection.

Background: - Parainfluenza is a virus that can cause infections in people. Most people infected with this virus have mild symptoms including fever, cough, red eyes, or runny nose (a common cold). Some people, especially those with a weakened immune system, get very sick from this virus. They may have difficulty breathing or develop lung infections. Currently, there are no specific treatments for parainfluenza. However, a drug called DAS181 may make the virus go away faster. Researchers are interested in testing DAS181 to see if it is safe and effective against parainfluenza. Objectives: - To test the safety and effectiveness of DAS181 as a treatment for parainfluenza. Eligibility: - Individuals at least 18 years of age who have the parainfluenza virus and have developed symptoms within the past 10 days. Design: Participants will be screened with a physical exam, medical history, and questions about symptoms and activity levels. Participants will also have a lung function test and provide blood and nasal fluid samples. DAS181 is an inhaled medication, and everyone will receive a study medication inhaler. Participants will receive either DAS181 or a placebo through the inhaler. They will take it once every day for 5 days. Participants will have monitoring visits on days 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, and 28 to provide blood and nasal fluid samples and have a lung function test. Participants who still have the virus in their system on Day 28 will return to the clinic on Day 42 for more tests. Participants who still have the virus in their system on Day 42 will return to the clinic on Day 56 for more tests. Participants will have followup visits 6 months and 1 year after the start of the study.

This study will evaluate the impact of combining two evidence-based interventions: a couples risk reduction intervention with an evidence based medication adherence intervention designed to enhance male participation in combination with improving medication and prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) adherence in antenatal clinics (ANCs). Clinics will be randomly assigned to experimental and control conditions and effectiveness of the combined intervention to enhance PMTCT as well as reduce antenatal seroconversion by both individuals and clinics will be examined. It is hypothesized that community clinics implementing PartnerPlus will have more effective PMTCT program adherence, as measured by total participant 1) maternal and paternal ANC and PartnerPlus visits, 2) maternal and paternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Counseling & Testing (HCT) uptake, 3) maternal and infant antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis uptake, 4) maternal highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) uptake, 5) infant polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HIV, and 5) maternal and infant HIV serostatus and that community clinics implementing PartnerPlus will have reduced sexual risk behavior, as measured by participant sexual barrier use.

The physicians have few options for skin antisepsis. Alternatives for common use antiseptics are costly or ineffective. In order to have more options, this study is needed. The investigators want to know if there are differences between the use of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% isopropyl alcohol or 10% sodium hypochlorite.

The purpose of the study is to see if using 2% Chlorhexidine cloths will reduce surgical site infections in patients having elective cardiac surgery.