Active clinical trials for "Infections"

Acute upper respiratory tract infections are the most commmon infections in children and are associated with complications such as acute otitis media, sinusitis and pneumonia. Echinacea is widely used for treatment of upper respiratoty tract infections. The aim of this study is to evaluate its efficacy as prophilaxis in children 1-5 years old.

The goal of this study is to determine the outcome of patients with recurrent CDI treated with fresh FMT versus frozen-and-thawed FMT in a randomized controlled trial. The specific objectives are to evaluate the safety of both types of FMT and to compare the clinical response, treatment failure and relapse rate in patients treated with fresh FMT compared to those treated with frozen-and-thawed FMT; also to assess the functional health and well-being of patients in each arm using a validated tool. The metagenomics will also be conducted from the stool samples collected from select patients from each arm: pre and post treatment and the matching donors. The metagenomics data will be used to determine the bacteria which may have contributed to the cure of CDI.

This study will evaluate the safety and efficacy of two doses of two commercially available vaccines used to prevent Haemophilus influenzae type b infections in children 6-12 months of age.

The investigators propose a randomized controlled clinical trial to determine the comparative effectiveness of chlorhexidine-alcohol and iodine-alcohol preoperative skin preparation for preventing surgical site infections at cesarean section. While estimates vary, surgical site infections complicate up to 5 - 10% of all cesarean sections and result in significant human suffering and excess health care costs. Interventions such as preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis reduce surgical site infections by 60%, but the rate of infection remains high. There is therefore a great need to identify and test other potential interventions to further reduce these infections. The skin is a major source of pathogens that cause surgical site infection. Therefore, optimizing preoperative skin antisepsis has the potential to decrease postoperative surgical site infections. There is paucity of evidence to guide the choice of antiseptic for skin preparation at cesarean section. To date, only two underpowered trials have been published comparing two methods of preoperative skin preparation at cesarean section. A recent randomized trial in adults undergoing clean-contaminated mostly general surgical procedures demonstrated a 41% reduction in surgical site infection with the use of chlorhexidine-alcohol when compared to the more commonly used povidone-iodine. While it is plausible that findings from trials in other clean-contaminated surgical procedures may apply to cesarean sections, physiological changes in pregnancy, the peculiar dual microbial source for cesarean-related infections and the hormone-mediated immune-modulation in pregnancy make the validity of such extrapolation uncertain. The study has the following specific aims: Primary Aim: To test the hypothesis that preoperative chlorhexidine-alcohol skin preparation at cesarean section significantly reduces surgical site infections compared to iodine-alcohol. Secondary Aim 1: To test the hypothesis that preoperative chlorhexidine-alcohol skin preparation at cesarean section significantly reduces bacterial contamination at the surgical site compared to iodine-alcohol. Secondary Aim 2: To determine clinical outcomes and medical costs associated with cesarean-related infections and quantify potential cost savings attributable to use of chlorhexidine-alcohol for preoperative skin preparation at cesarean section.

Aims: To develop a food supplement containing a health-promoting probiotic bacteria (B. lactis BB12) and xylitol to be administered with a novel soft, possibly occlusion-friendly pacifier. Test in a clinical study how feasible the method is and to study how the intervention affects caries occurrence. Main hypothesis: The administration of B. lactis BB12 and xylitol affects beneficially the dental health of the child.

This is a multicenter study in which women are planned to receive either the HPV vaccine or control. Study participation will last approximately 72 months and involves a total of thirteen or fourteen scheduled visits. Originally, the study was planned for 24 months. It was then extended for 2 more years with 4 additional visits (study end at Month 48). The protocol posting has been updated as the study was extended by additional 2 years with two or three additional visits (study end at Month 72) for subjects who consent to participate in the extension.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common infection in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) that increases length of stay but not mortality. It is not known whether antibiotic treatment will alter outcomes. Our previous studies have documented wide practice variations exist amongst doctors, including prescribing antibiotics to asymptomatic patients. Therefore, the merits of various ways to manage the infection require further studies to minimize the potential for over-prescribing of antibiotics, a practice that can increase the development of resistant bacteria. The objective of this pilot study is to determine the feasibility of conducting a larger definitive study that will determine the effect of catheter change and/or systemic antibiotics as compared to no interventions on outcomes and resource utilization in ICU patients with UTI. Patients will be randomized to receive no treatment, antibiotics alone, urine catheter change alone, and both catheter change and antibiotics. Their clinical outcomes will be assessed. Results from the pilot trial will provide information about whether it is feasible to conduct the larger definitive trial. Results of the definitive study will provide guidance to clinicians on how to manage a frequent clinical problem and optimize antibiotic usage.

A Phase III trial to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of PTK 0796 in the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSI).

Probiotics has been known as a dietary supplement for a long period. Recent clinical trials indicate that probiotics might have an effect in preventing common infection diseases in children. The investigators hypothesis is: if young children in the age of 6 month to 15 mdr. has a daily intake of a suspension containing probiotics in a period of 9 months, the incidence of diarrhoea and respiratory diseases can be reduced.

The purpose of this study is to determinate if 70% isopropyl alcohol is not inferior preventing contamination of peripheral hemocultures, compared with 2% chlorhexidine in 70% isopropyl alcohol.