Active clinical trials for "Infections"

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the positivity rate of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in high-risk participants presenting with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in outpatient settings during the influenza/RSV season and to evaluate the association between lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) and ARI-related hospitalization in participants positive for RSV.

The Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) Patient Safety Learning Laboratory (PSLL) focuses on developing health information technology (HIT) tools to engage patients, family, and professional care team members in reliable identification, assessment, and reduction of patient safety threats in real-time, before they manifest in actual harm.

Infectious shocks are associated with high mortality rates (20-40%). Anti-inflammatory strategies based on the postulate that mortality related to sepsis is mainly due to an overwhelming pro-inflammatory immune response have failed. Some patients surviving this initial phase can develop immune dysfunctions because the compensatory mechanisms become deleterious when they persist over time. The persistence of immunosuppression at day 3 or 5 is independently associated with more nosocomial infections and higher mortality rate. The clinical and laboratory evidence for sepsis induced immunosuppression have been recently reviewed by Hotchkiss et al. Apoptosis-induced depletion of immune effector and blood studies from septic patients showed decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, decreased HLA-DR expression, increased percentage of regulatory T cells, and increased production of programmed cell death (PD)-1. Some small positive phase 2 trials of biomarker guided immune enhancing agents granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interferon γ (IFN γ) have been reported. There are insufficient data showing that such an immunosuppression exists in children. Only one study performed in children with organ dysfunctions admitted to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), showed that 34% of them developed immunosuppression. This study was performed on a heterogeneous population and immunological analyses were limited. Therefore, there is a crucial need of studies on septic patients with matched controls to provide more evidence that the same paradigm exists in children. The collaboration of laboratories with a high level of experience in this domain, and a clinical unit with a high potential of recruitment of children with severe infectious shock should allow us to perform the first prospective study specifically done in children with infectious shock. The main hypothesis is that children with severe infectious shock developed sepsis-induced immunosuppression as shown in adults. This will be assessed by the expression of HLA-DR on monocytes' surface. We make the hypothesis that children who become immunosuppressed are more prone to develop secondary nosocomial infectious and stayed longer in PICU and in hospital. Children aged from 1 month to 17 years, admitted to PICU at HFME Lyon-Bron are eligible if they have the criteria for severe sepsis or septic shock, defined by the "Surviving Sepsis Campaign 2012" or those of Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) (definitions of CDC - Center for Disease Control). An information leaflet will be issued to parents and children / adolescents and they will be informed of their right to object to the search. Are provided as part of this research: Immunological measures (mHLA -DR) in three stages: in the first 48 hours, between D3/5 and D7/9. The volume of collected blood will not exceed 2.4 ml / kg. The collection of nosocomial infections and status at D30 A control group of patients hospitalized for surgery without sepsis or toxic shock criteria will be recruited in the same hospital by ICU investigators and matched for age. Similarly controls will be given oral and written information and they will have the opportunity to deny inclusion. They will have the same exams as the first group of patients.

This study aims to provide information about the safety and pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions between darunavir/cobicistat (800/150mg QD) and etravirine (400mg QD) in HIV-infected patients, as well as evaluate the efficacy of concomitant administration of darunavir/cobicistat and etravirine.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term persistence of binding antibody responses against V1V2 and gp120 in subjects who were vaccinated with the envelope glycoprotein 120 (gp120)-negative factor (Nef)Tat/ Adjuvant System 01B (AS01B) (GSKSB732461) vaccine candidate. Other immune parameters like the HIV-specific cluster of differentiation (CD4+) T cell and CD8+ T cell responses will also be evaluated.

Rectal and genital sampling in HIV prevention trials permits assessments at the site of HIV entry. Yet the safety and acceptability of circumcision and sigmoidoscopy (and associated abstinence recommendations) are unknown in uncircumcised men who have sex with men (MSM) at high risk of HIV infection. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of methods for assessing baseline characteristics of the mucosa of MSM at risk of HIV infection in Lima, Peru.

Four healthy hookworm-naive volunteers will be exposed to 50 L3 Necator americanus larvae once and will retain infection for up to 2 years.

The study will be an open label cohort study with 2 two-treatment groups 2). Both groups will be treated with a single oral administration of Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) 6 mg/kg + Albendazole (ALB) 400 mg + Ivermectin (IVR) 200 µg/kg (IDA). One treatment group will include men and women with W. bancrofti infections (>50 Mf/ml, N=30). The other treatment group will include men and women who are free of W. bancrofti infection based on negative blood tests for both microfilariae (Mf) and circulating filarial antigen (N=30). Active follow-up for adverse events (AE) will be for 72hrs and passive follow-up for 7 days following treatment. Participants will be followed again at 1 year to evaluate treatment efficacy. Individuals with severe AEs (grade 3 or higher) will be transported to the Agboville District Hospital and cared for by the hospital staff. Based on treatment of over 100 Lymphatic filariasis (LF) infected individuals any AEs develop within the first 72 hours following treatment and uncommonly up to 7 days post-treatment. All individuals will be admitted to a single health center or hospital in Côte d'Ivoire. Subjects will be monitored for 72-hours after treatment for safety and to facilitate sampling for drug analyses and safety tests. Participants will undergo clinical monitoring every 6 hours to evaluate potential adverse effects of Ivermectin + Diethylcarbamazine + Albendazole (IDA) treatment. Participants will also be monitored for hematologic, or biochemical abnormalities during the period of observation.

The purpose of this research study is to compare the effectiveness and efficiency of using a sterile sheath (EndoSheath®) during cystoscopy versus a standard scope.

In recent years it has been observed that the gut microbiome can produce metabolites into systemic circulation and thus have important health effects even outside the gastrointestinal system. These metabolites may play a role in the pathogenesis of common public health problems such as diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disorders. Modern techniques of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics from peripheral blood and gut metagenome sequencing now enable detailed examination of these processes. Using samples from the FINRISK 2002 cohort, collected by the National Institute for Health and Welfare, we are currently determining the gut microbiome and plasma metabolome from > 7000 participants with 15 years of follow-up for various health outcomes. This is one of the largest materials of its kind world-wide. The design does not, however, allow us to draw causal conclusions on the roles of gut bacteria in the composition of plasma metabolome. To enable conclusions which go beyond statistical associations, we now propose an extension to the FINRISK 2002 study, where we alter the gut bacteriome with a short course of antibiotics and then examine whether a change in plasma metabolomics profile will follow. At the same time the trial will give important novel information about the effects of commonly used antibiotics on gut bacteriome and on general health.