Active clinical trials for "Infections"

This clinical trial compares three anal cytology collection procedures (collected at a single visit) in men who have sex with men (MSM). It also compares two different tests for human papilloma virus, the virus that causes high grade anal dysplasia, which is thought to occur before anal cancer. This study may help doctors develop better screening for high-grade anal dysplasia in MSM in order to identify those who need to return for additional screening and treatment.

Background: - Viral infections are an important cause of illness and death in hospitalized patients as well as outpatients. New strains of viruses may appear and infect both healthy people and those with weak immune systems. A better understanding of these new virus strains (such as SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19) may help to control and prevent these infections. In particular, some viral infections that are less problematic in healthy persons can be life threatening in persons with weak immune systems, and viruses may be able to evolve more rapidly in persons with weak immune systems and therefore develop resistance to existing treatments. Researchers are interested in collecting samples and information from otherwise healthy persons or persons with weak immune systems to study the effects of viruses and their development. Objectives: - To collect samples and data from individuals who have been exposed to or have contracted viral infections. Eligibility: Individuals of all ages who have been diagnosed with a viral infection are suspected to have a viral infection, or have been in close contact with someone with a suspected or actual viral infection that is of interest to investigators in the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases. Healthy persons and persons with weak immune systems (immunocompromised individuals) are eligible to participate. Design: Participants will be pre-screened to determine if they meet the eligibility criteria for the trial. If eligible, evaluation may include a medical chart review, a history and physical examination, review of clinical reports from outside hospitals and laboratories, and review of tissue biopsies. Study procedures may include collection of blood, urine, saliva, nasal fluid sampling, throat swabs, stool, and genital swabs. For participants who have specimens collected as part of their medical care (e.g. wound swabs, spinal tap, bronchoscopy, liver biopsy etc.), researchers may use leftover specimens from the clinical laboratory for testing. Specimens may be collected up to 4 times per week during the first 2 weeks after enrollment, and then as many as 2 times per week for up to 2 years. Some participants may be asked to continue providing specimens if there is concern for relapse or recurrence of the infection. Treatment is not offered under this study.

To determine if BCG immunisation at birth, compared to no BCG immunisation, leads to a reduction in measures of allergy and infection in the first 12 months of life. To evaluate the immunological mechanisms underlying the non-specific effects of BCG by comparing markers of immunity between the BCG and non-BCG groups.

This study will investigate HIV infection and associated conditions by monitoring infected patients. The study will also serve as a means for recruiting HIV-infected individuals to NIAIDs ongoing clinical and laboratory studies and supporting the institute s infectious disease training program by providing Infectious Disease fellows with ongoing training in the management of HIV infection. People 18 years of age and older with suspected or confirmed HIV infection who live in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area may be eligible for this study. Physician referral is required. Participants come to the NIH Clinical Center a minimum of once every 3 to 4 months for evaluation with a physical examination; blood tests for research purposes, safety, immune status and viral load; and response to any treatment they may be receiving. Other procedures, such as a biopsy, are done only as needed for standard medical practice, and informed consent is obtained before any such procedure is done. Treatment offered is consistent with standard medical practice; no experimental treatments are offered under this protocol.

This study aims to investigate the possible safety and efficacy of probiotics (Bifidobacterium Infants, Enterococcus Feacium, and Lactobacillus Acidophilus) on the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori and the incidence of adverse effects (AEs) of the concurrent rescue regimen in a patient with persistent H. Pylori infection.

The goal of this observational study is to learn about the effects of coronavirus infection in patients with early-stage lung cancer. The main question it aims to answer is whether the interval of surgery and COVID-19 infection will affect the surgery and prognosis of the patients.

H. pylori is transmitted from individual to individual and causes chronic active gastritis in all infected people. H. pylori infection can result in gastroduodenal ulcers, atrophic gastritis (AG), gastric carcinoma, and gastric MALT lymphoma. More than 90% of gastric carcinomas are linked to H. pylori infection that causes chronic AG. A long course of the disease leads to the loss of gastric glands (chronic AG) followed by gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM), dysplasia, and cancer. This defines two cancer prevention strategies: primary that consists of detection and eradication of H. pylori and secondary that focuses on endoscopic screening for pre-neoplastic lesions and follow-up. Primary prevention planning requires reliable information on the H. pylori prevalence in the population. To design secondary prevention measures, an understanding of the age-sex structure of precancerous changes in the gastric mucosa (the prevalence of atrophic gastritis) is necessary. H. pylori eradication is the basis of primary prevention of gastric cancer (GC). Approximately 36,000 new cases of GC are registered in the Russian Federation each year, and more than 34,000 patients die from the disease. Men get sick 1.3 times more often than women, the peak incidence occurs at the age of over 50 years. The poor outcomes reflect the late stage of diagnosis of this potentially preventable and treatable cancer. The lack of up-to-date data on the H. pylori prevalence in Moscow hinders developing of measures for the detection and timely treatment of this infection as well as the reduction of GC morbidity and mortality.

Rationale: Early diagnosis of sepsis in neonates is complicated as the signs and symptoms are nonspecific. Although blood culture is the gold standard for the diagnosis, false-negative results and long incubation period of 36-72 hours limits the use of blood culture to rule out sepsis at initial suspicion. Since delay in diagnosis may lead to progressive deterioration, antibiotics are often started empirically at initial sepsis suspicion, awaiting results of the blood culture. Consequently, uninfected infants are often unnecessarily exposed to empirical antibiotics. To reduce unnecessary treatment of non-infected infants, an early, sensitive and specific diagnostic tool would be helpful to guide clinicians faster when to discontinue antibiotics. Molecular Culture (MC) via IS-pro is a novel, advanced, molecular culture technique which is able to culture bacteria within 4 hours after blood sampling. MC might thus be a potential diagnostic tool to detect or rule out sepsis in infants quickly, however data on MC for diagnosis of sepsis in this population is limited. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate whether MC is of additive predictive value for the diagnosis sepsis in this vulnerable group. Study design: Prospective observational cohort study. Study population: All infants suspected for neonatal sepsis of both early and late onset will be eligible for study participation. They will be treated according to the standard local guidelines. Intervention (if applicable): In case of a suspicion of sepsis at birth, blood will be collected for a conventional blood culture as part of standard care. Additionally, a blood sample will be collected from the umbilical cord for MC. In case of a suspicion of sepsis not directly postpartum, an additional blood sample will be taken for MC analysis, directly following sampling for conventional culture, implying no extra phlebotomy. Main study parameters/endpoints: The main study parameter is the discordance in positive and negative outcomes of MC compared to outcomes of conventional blood culture. As the diagnostic accuracy of the conventional blood culture (the current gold standard) is being questioned, the predictive value of MC versus conventional blood culture towards clinical sepsis will also be tested.

COVID-19 has swept the world, and while some people may experience long-term cognitive decline as a result of infection, no effective treatment has been announced. The primary goal of this study was to determine the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as to assess the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on brain function in patients with COVID-19-related cognitive decline. In this study, approximately 80 people were randomly assigned to either hyperbaric oxygen or regular oxygen therapy to compare the effects of these two treatments on disease.

This is a single center Phase I clinical trial of FT538 administered intravenously (IV) once every 14 days for 4 consecutive doses for the reduction of the HIV reservoir in lymphoid tissue of HIV-infected individuals receiving standard of care (SOC) antiretroviral therapy (ART). As this is an early 1st in human study and the 1st for HIV-infected individual, the safety of FT538 is confirmed prior to the addition of oral vorinostat to explore the concept of "Kick and Kill".