Active clinical trials for "Infections"

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn about the benefit of IVIG in donor-derived infections and the potential immunomodulatory effect on transplanted organs. The main questions it aims to answer are: How effective IVIG is in preventing donor-derived infections Does IVIG has potential immunomodulatory effect on transplanted organs

This clinical trial seeks to provide high level of evidence on the efficacy of ActiveMatrix primarily on spinal surgical site infection rate.

Background: - There are more emerging infectious diseases recently. Some could affect many people. Some like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) or Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) are caused by new germs. Sometimes known germs suddenly infect new and large areas, like Ebola. Many of these diseases don t have good treatments available. Researchers may be able to develop a treatment by using antibodies against these infections. Objective: - To collect antibodies from people with high levels of antibodies to the diseases being studied. Eligibility: - Ages 18-70 years old who weigh at least 110 pounds. They may have been infected with or vaccinated for one of the new infections researchers are studying. Design: Participants will be screened with medical history and blood tests. Researchers will determine if the participant can have apheresis. Participants will have apheresis. First, they will be interviewed. Then, a needle will be placed in a vein. Blood will be drawn, and a machine will separate the blood cells from the antibodies and protein. The blood cells will then be returned to the participant through another vein. It takes about 60 minutes for the actual collection. Participants will be asked to have the procedure at least 3 times. They can participate in up to 20 sessions total as part of this study. There must be at least 7 days between sessions.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of a new intervention, fluoroquinolone (FQ) Preprescription Authorization (PPA) strategy, to reduce and prevent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in hospital intensive care units (ICUs). The investigators will model a successful FQ PPA strategy in several Wisconsin ICUs and compare whether the intervention has improved outcomes in reducing CDIs. An additional goal of the study is to evaluate environmental and work system factors using systems engineering models in order to determine the most successful way to implement these new strategies.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate overall changes in patient management and longer-term resource utilization between control and test arms, including (but not limited to) additional work-up (including other diagnostic tests and consults), antimicrobial treatments, disposition decisions and hospital length of stay (LOS)

Nearly half of child deaths occur during the neonatal period, and 80% of those occur in babies with low birthweight. Although tremendous progress has been made towards reducing under-five mortality globally, declines in neonatal mortality lag behind those observed in older children. Low birthweight babies are at increased risk of poor outcomes compared to those who are term-appropriate for gestational age, including mortality, stunting, and growth failure. Recent evidence has demonstrated that the incidence of wasting and linear growth failure is highest between birth and 3 months of age, substantially earlier than previously thought. Interventions are urgently needed to improve outcomes in low birthweight babies; however, these interventions must not interfere with breastfeeding and thus some well-established interventions used to treat or prevent malnutrition in older children cannot be considered. The investigators recently demonstrated that biannual mass azithromycin distribution reduces all-cause childhood mortality by approximately 25% in infants aged 1-5 months, with stronger effects seen in underweight infants. This study did not include neonates due to the risk of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) that has been hypothesized to be associated with macrolide use during early infancy. However, our study team documented only a single case of IHPS among 21,833 neonates enrolled in a trial of azithromycin versus placebo administered to neonates aged 8-27 days for prevention of infant mortality, documenting no major risk of IHPS associated with azithromycin. Here, the investigators propose an individually randomized trial where participants will receive a single oral dose of azithromycin (administered either during the neontal period or 21 days after enrollment), two does of oral azithromycin spaced 21 days apart, or two doses of placebo to evalute if azithromycin improves nutritional outcome and reduces infectious burden among neonates aged 1-27 days who are either low birthweight (<2500 g at birth) or underweight (weight-for-age Z-score < -2 at enrollment). The primary outcome will be weight-for-age Z-score at 6 months of age compared between arms. The investigators anticipate that the results of this study will provide definitive evidence on azithromycin as an early intervention for low birthweight/underweight neonates, who are at the highest risk of adverse outcomes.

PredictEndTB signature is a non-inferiority, prospective, parallel-group open-label randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of individualised antituberculous treatment durations that utilize the transcriptomic signature-based model compared to the standardised twenty months treatment in a cohort of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients.

This phase 1b study is a double-blind, double-dummy, nitrofurantoin-controlled study designed to evaluate microbiological response at the test of cure (ToC) visit along with safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic (PK) response following daily oral dosing for 5 days of GSK3882347 in an adult female with uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTI). Comparator nitrofurantoin will be included in the study to ensure unbiased reporting of safety events. The study will be separated into 2 cohorts. Cohort 1 consists of an inpatient treatment period and PK analysis at frequent timepoints. Cohort 2 includes an outpatient treatment period and PK analysis conducted less frequently, at key trough timepoints.

Infection control and health-care-associated infections and Safety of medical service providers Evidence based management of common medical and surgical problems

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is characterized by persistent immune activation and a constant turnover of T cells. This leads to a precipitous fall in the number of T cells, as well as to an early immunosenescence. This results in increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections. In these patients, modulation of the immune response represents a promising mechanism to maintain immunological homeostasis and prevent the development of pathology. We hypothesize that the addition of pyridostigmine to the regular combined antiretroviral therapy will result in a decrease in T cell overactivation and a reduction in circulating inflammatory markers.