Active clinical trials for "Infections"

A sufficient number of subjects will be entered into testing to complete 42 subjects per each of the 2 test and 2 control configurations. A total of 84 subjects, testing bi-laterally (168 abdomen and groin sites in total completed, 42 abdomen and groin sites per each test and control material) will be evaluated using the standardized ASTM E1173 test method. Following a 14-day restriction period, subjects will be sampled for baseline, 10 minutes, 6 hours, and 24 hours post application (subjects will not be sequestered) for microbial reduction evaluations. Test day baseline criteria will be set at: abdomen: ≥ 3.0 log10 CFU/cm2, and groin: ≥ 5.0 log10 CFU/cm2.

Immunodeficiency associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection could predispose people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) to defective serological responses following infection or vaccination. To evaluate the health outcomes of coronovirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and HIV co-infection, PLHA and HIV-uninfected persons in Hong Kong are invited to join a study for understanding their clinical characteristics and for tracking their levels of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) over a one-year observation period after infection or vaccination. The results could inform the development of prevention and control strategy for PLHA in response to the emerging coronavirus threats.

Maternal infection during pregnancy is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality, accounting for 10.7% of maternal deaths worldwide (~37,000 annually). Majority of maternal infection occurs during intrapartum (36%) and postpartum (47%) period, of which the genital tract is the source of infection in 89% of intrapartum and 54% of postpartum sepsis. Introduction of skin flora into the genital tract during vaginal examination in women with rupture of membranes or active labour may cause intrapartum and puerperal sepsis. We hypothesize intrapartum vulval and perineal cleansing before vaginal examination could reduce the chance of peripartum infection caused by introducing the skin flora to intrauterine environment. We plan to carry out a randomized controlled trial of intrapartum vulval and perineal cleansing using chlorhexidine, compared sterile water, prior to vaginal examination during labour and its effect on maternal and neonatal sepsis.

HyPerMICROBE is a single-centre, controlled, randomised, prospective, superiority clinical trial to compare the efficacy of daily oral care with 3% hydrogen peroxide (Oroxid®) versus standard of care (0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate) on the cumulative incidence of lower respiratory tract microbial colonisation in mechanically ventilated adult critically ill patients.

This randomized control trial aims to compare the efficacy of triclosan-coated barbed suture (TCB) versus conventional non-barbed polydioxanone (PDS) suture in the closure of the abdominal fascia after emergency exploratory laparotomy. The study addresses the common complications of incisional surgical site infections (SSI) and fascial dehiscence (FD) following emergency exploratory laparotomy. The primary objective is to assess the effectiveness of triclosan-coated barbed suture and conventional non-barbed suture in reducing the rates of incisional SSI and FD within 30 days postoperatively. The study population comprises adult patients undergoing emergent laparotomy for traumatic injuries or acute intraabdominal pathology. This prospective, single-blinded randomized control trial will be conducted at Los Angeles General Medical Center. Patients will be randomized to receive either triclosan-coated barbed suture or conventional non-barbed suture for abdominal fascial closure, with a standard closure technique employed. Patients will be followed up for 30 days postoperatively to monitor surgical site infections, fascial dehiscence, and other outcomes. Statistical analysis will be conducted to compare outcomes between the study arms, assessing the efficacy of triclosan-coated barbed suture in reducing the incidence of SSI and FD, along with secondary outcomes.

Central venous catheters (CVCs) are indispensable in modern critical care. However, CVC usage is associated with complications, including central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), which in turn, is translated to higher healthcare costs and mortality. The use of antimicrobial-impregnated CVCs is one of the strategies to reduce CLABSI. Nevertheless, its' efficacy and beneficial effects, particularly in terms of patients' outcome had not been homogeneously demonstrated across literature. Moreover, antimicrobial-impregnated CVCs are more expensive compared to conventional non-impregnated ones, and hence its cost-effectiveness remains doubtful. To date, no local studies have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy and economic impact of antimicrobial-impregnated CVCs and on patients' outcome. The goal of this clinical trial is to determine the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of antimicrobial-impregnated CVCs in preventing (CLABSI) among critically ill patients in a Malaysia University Hospital Adult Intensive Care Unit. The main questions it aims to answer are: Is there any difference in CLABSI rates between patients using antimicrobial-impregnated CVCs and non-impregnated CVCs in Malaysia adult ICU? Does the use of antimicrobial-impregnated CVCs in CLABSI prevention in Malaysia adult ICU affect patient length of stay when compared to non- impregnated CVCs? Does the use of antimicrobial-impregnated CVCs in CLABSI prevention in the adult ICU setting affect healthcare costs when compared to non-impregnated CVCs? How antimicrobial resistance features of the bacteria causing CLABSI may differ in patients using antimicrobial-impregnated CVCs compared to non-impregnated CVCs? Patients who require a CVC for critical care in ICU will be recruited and randomly assigned to one of the two different groups to receive either a conventional non-impregnated CVC or an antimicrobial-impregnated CVC, which will be inserted and handled by medical practitioners. Participants will then be monitored for symptoms and signs of CLABSI, alongside length of ICU stay & healthcare costs. Researchers will compare CLABSI rates and other relevant parameters among the 2 groups to see if antimicrobial-impregnated CVCs are useful and cost-effective in CLABSI prevention.

The aim of the current study was to assess the economic impact of using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) versus traditional bacterial culture directed CNSIs diagnosis and therapy in post-neurosurgical patients from Beijing Tiantan Hospital. mNGS is a relatively expensive test item, and whether it has the corresponding health economic significance in the clinical application of diagnosing intracranial infection has not been studied clearly. Therefore, the investigators hope to explore the clinical application value of mNGS detection in central nervous system infection after neurosurgery.

Double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial aiming to assess the role of Vitamin C supplementation in the prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections in women undergoing elective gynecological surgeries.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) based on tenofovir represents a considerably new preventive intervention that has shown to significantly decrease the number of HIV infections while it enables early diagnosis of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STI). In Southern Spain, the target population to receive PrEP are men who have sex with men (MSM) with a history of STI and who pursue high-risk sexual practices regarding the acquisition of HIV, including an elevate number of sex partners, no or inconsistent condom use and the use of specific recreational drugs in the context of sexual activity ("chemsex"). Despite the benefits of PrEP use, it must be taken into consideration that risk compensations that may facilitate the acquisition of other STI may occur, including a higher implementation of risk practices and an increase in the number of partners, which is made easy as various social networks designed for this purpose are available nowadays. In order to better understand the benefit/drawback ratio, accurate data of a population using PrEP under real-life conditions, with densely scheduled follow-up and well-characterized (socio-)demographic parameters, sexual behaviour and STI are warranted.

This is a mixed-methods, multi-centre feasibility study. Formal advice and peer-review with regards to study design was sought from the Southampton Research Design Service (RDS), the NIHR CRN Wessex, and patient contributors during the development of the grant application. We will recruit up to ten GP practices, each given 20-40 FebriDx tests (300 in total). Up to four clinicians per practice will be trained to use the test. A sequential explanatory approach to data collection will be taken (21), with quantitative data analysis in stage one, followed by qualitative interviews with the study's practice participants in stage two.