Active clinical trials for "Infections"

The study is a phase I/II, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized cross-over clinical trial of tocilizumab (TCZ) or placebo in HIV-infected subjects receiving antiretroviral therapy with suppressed viral replication and CD4+ T cell count ≥350 and ≤1,000 cells/mm3)

Hypothesis: Directly applying antibiotic powder onto the site of surgery along with perioperative intravenous antibiotics, before closing the wound, is more effective than intravenously applied perioperative antibiotics alone in controlling post-operative wound infection. The investigators also think powders that control both gram positive and gram negative bacteria are more beneficial.

Background: - Hepatitis B and hepatitis C can cause liver damage. They can also cause serious illness, including liver cancer, and even death. This study will follow people who have hepatitis B or hepatitis C. The purpose is to understand more about how these viruses affect the immune system over the long term (up to 10 years). The study will also compare how these viruses affect people who do and do not have HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Objectives: To do a long-term study of hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection. To study the effects of hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection in people do and do not have HIV. Eligibility: - People at least 18 years of age who have hepatitis B or hepatitis C and have a regular doctor for their medical care. Design: Participants will be screened with a physical exam and medical history. Those who do not have a regular doctor to provide medical care during the study will not be able to take part. Participants will have yearly visits with study researchers for up to 10 years. These tests will be done at each visit. Medical history and physical exam. Questionnaire (optional) on emotions, sexual behaviors, use of alcohol and drugs, and quality of life. Blood and urine tests, including HIV testing. Tissue sample collections for those who have had a liver or other tissue biopsy. Participants may leave the study at any time. They will receive the standard of care from their regular doctor throughout the study.

This study is a post-marketing surveillance in Japan to investigate the safety especially focusing on injection site adverse events and efficacy in patients with Ciprofloxacin iv administration without dilution in the daily practice.It is a local prospective and observational study of patients who have received Ciproxan intravenously for sepsis, secondary skin infections followed by superficial burn, post-surgical or post-traumatic, pneumonia, peritonitis, cholecystitis, cholangitis, anthrax. A total of 500 patients are to be enrolled and assessed during the period of treatment with Ciproxan.

The objectives of this study are to investigate infection rates and management for open and closed tibia fracture subjects in India treated with internal fixation. These objectives will be carried out by answering the following questions: What is the infection rate within one year of surgery for open and closed tibia fracture subjects in India treated with internal fixation? What is the distribution of infection per type of infection, stratified by time (early, delayed, late) and location (superficial or deep) in open and closed tibia fracture subjects in India treated with internal fixation? Secondary objectives How are infections managed in open and closed tibia fracture subjects in India treated with internal fixation? What is the treatment outcome for open and closed tibia fracture subjects in India treated with internal fixation? What is the influence of the following clinic and subject factors on the occurrence of infection within one year for open and closed tibia fracture subjects in India treated with internal fixation? Hospital standard hygienic and antibiotic protocol for infection prevention Subject demographics Time between injury and surgery and between admission and surgery Fracture type (AO Müller classification) Soft tissue damage (according to the Tscherne classification for closed fractures or Gustilo classification for open fractures) Fracture management and implant type Surgical details such as duration of surgery Is there a difference in health-related quality of life as measured by the EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) between subjects with and without infections? Is there a difference in the number of complications not related to infection (adverse events and serious adverse events) between subjects with and without infections?

Vancomycin -resistant enterococci(VRE) has emerged as one of the most common nosocomial pathogen of health-care associated infection since 1988. Although the new antimicrobial agents such as Tigecycline , Daptomycin, Linezolid have clinically effectiveness for the treatment of VRE, but there was not appropriate drugs for eradicating the colonization of VRE. So the active surveillance and strict contact precaution are the best methods for VRE colonization and transmission. This is a one year study program, we select a unit as the study site. First month (January) is the prepare period. Therefore , we collect 3 months (from February to April) baseline data, then interrupted one month(May) for the health care worker's infection control education. Then the intervention period are three months (from June to August), and the last four months(from September to December) are the analysis and evaluation period. In the baseline period, we only do the patient's active surveillance and environmental culture. In the intervention period, beside the patient's active surveillance and environmental culture, we add contact precaution as the infection control method. If patient has VRE infection, we prescribe appropriate antibiotic therapy until the culture result proved no growth of VRE. The aim of this study is to compare and analyze these two period (baseline period and intervention period) for understanding the transmission, risk factors and carriage rate of VRE, as the important guidelines for the VRE infection control in the future.

The study is a single center, varied dose, open label study. A maximum of eighteen volunteers will be exposed to live NF54 P. falciparum sporozoites (PfSPZ Challenge) by intradermal injection. Volunteers will be divided into three groups of 6 volunteers, each group spaced 25 days apart (21 days after the last challenge of the last volunteer from the previous dose group).

This study will evaluate the comparative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a customized, interactive web-based HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STI) and hepatitis prevention intervention as compared to a traditional, educator-delivered prevention intervention. Both interventions will be offered to youth enrolled in outpatient, community-based substance abuse treatment at our collaborating treatment facilities. Outcomes to be measured include accurate HIV/disease prevention knowledge, intentions to engage in safer sex, actual HIV risk behavior, attitudes toward safer sex and self-reported substance use. The web-delivered intervention under evaluation has the potential to deliver evidence-based content at low cost without increasing demands on treatment staff time or training needs.

The purpose of this study is to determine if Linezolid is safe for adult Filipino patients diagnosed with gram positive infections.

Adequate antibiotic therapy is very important in the treatment of infections. Spectrum and dosing of the antibiotics are two factors of the therapy: the spectrum of an antibiotic can't be changed, but the dosing scheme can be optimized. Recent studies proved that an optimized dosing scheme can improve the efficacy of the treatment. Broad-spectrum antibiotics have unpredictable pharmacokinetics in patients on intensive care units. This is due to the pathophysiologic processes in the patients on intensive care units: increased distribution volume, hypoproteinemia, organ failure… The investigators guess that similar processes influence the pharmacokinetics of small spectrum antibiotics (like amoxicillin and cefuroxime), but data lacks. Because the pharmacokinetics of broad spectrum antibiotics in seriously ill patients are better known, physicians are more confident prescribing these drugs. Studying the pharmacokinetic interactions of small spectrum antibiotics in seriously ill patients, can help to give the physician the confidence to prescribe these small-spectrum antibiotics. In this study, the investigators will study the pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefuroxime, in 60 patients on intensive care. 8 blood samples will be drawn via a central catheter on different moments after one administration of the antibiotic in the steady state phase. All the patients are prescribed the antibiotics for the treatment of their infections: they get the antibiotic therapy anyway. By measuring the concentrations on different moments after one administration, the investigators can reconstruct the pharmacokinetic function.