Active clinical trials for "Infections"

The purpose of this study is to compare the incidence of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection and CIED mechanical complication after CIED replacement with a high-power cardiac implantable electronic device; either a cardiac resynchronization therapy device (CRT), or an implantable cardioverter defibrilator (ICD) and TYRX Anti-Bacterial Envelope (formerly known as "AIGISRx"), to the incidence, after replacement with an ICD or CRT and no TYRX.

The aims of this study are to characterise the clinical efficacy and virological clearance dynamics of orally administered oseltamivir in patients with influenza caused by novel influenza A(H1N1). This research will also contribute to enhancing research capacity in affected countries. The objectives are to assess the: viral replication levels over time in affected patients antiviral efficacy of oral oseltamivir patterns and compartments of viral shedding, tissue distribution innate inflammatory response and relation to viral replication kinetics of antibody response antiviral sensitivity of influenza viruses at baseline and during oseltamivir treatment using in vitro and molecular methods pharmacokinetic characteristics of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate all cause in hospital mortality clinical and radiological features, disease course and outcome length of stay in hospital risk factors associated with development of severe disease and death

Background: Community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is an emerging pathogen of the 21st century whose incidence as a cause of local and invasive infections has significantly increased, especially in previously healthy term and near term newborns. The etiology of the increasing incidence of infection in previously healthy term and near-term newborns remains unclear. Hypothesis: The incidence of previously healthy newborns infected with CA-MRSA skin & soft tissue (SSTI) and invasive infections is higher in those born to mothers colonized with CA-MRSA. Pregnant women colonized with CA-MRSA are at higher risk for post-partum infection with this organism. Specific Aims: To determine the incidence of nasal and vaginal colonization with CA-MRSA in pregnant women and determine the genetic similarities of these strains. To study CA-MRSA transmission dynamics and evaluate the incidence of SSTI and invasive infections in newborns born to S. aureus colonized mothers. To study the efficacy of attempted decolonization in CA-MRSA colonized mothers in decreasing the incidence of transmission and development of SSTI and invasive infections in their infants during the first month of life. Potential Impact: Understanding the epidemiology of the transmission dynamics of CA-MRSA in previously healthy newborns will provide important information to support the development of strategies aimed at the interruption of transmission and prevention of infection caused by CA-MRSA in newborns, as well as in pregnant women. This will also allow for the development of infection control strategies to prevent the spread of this organism among post-partum units and nurseries.

The main objective of this study is to assess whether a recently-developed bioassay for the protein FGL2 can be used to predict the progression and/or response to treatment of Hepatitis C Virus disease in patients with chronic HCV infection. The hypothesis is that increased levels of FGL2 and increased numbers of T regulatory cells are associated with a failure to respond to treatment.

In this project we will study the capacity for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in TLR4 gene to induce varying levels of inflammatory chemokine and cytokine production.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether hypochlorous acid is an effective antiseptic agent to prevent surgical site infection.

The specific aim of this proposed pilot study is to compare two standardized processes (paper and electronic) to deliver a customized MedlinePlus health information prescription.

The objective of this surveillance is to collect information about 1) adverse drug reaction not expected from the LPD (unknown adverse drug reaction), 2) the incidence of adverse drug reactions in this surveillance, and 3)factors considered to affect the safety and/or efficacy of this drug.

We hypothesized that providing physicians treating with HIV disease, at the time of a routine outpatient visit, with a detailed report describing patients' adherence with HIV antiretroviral medications, would improve the quality of the physician-patient interaction, and also patients' subsequent adherence.

Catheter-related infection, namely exit site infection and peritonitis, is the commonest complication of peritoneal dialysis. This complication causes significant morbidity and mortality in patients requiring peritoneal dialysis. Topical application of mupirocin 2% cream was first proven to be effective in reduction of staphylococcus-related catheter infection in 1990s. Subsequent randomized trial published in 2005 showed that gentamicin cream was superior to mupirocin 2% cream in reducing both Gram's positive and Gram's negative related catheter infection. However, a retrospective report published in 2007 puts the use of prophylactic antibiotic cream into a question. It reported an emergency of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection in a dialysis center in Hong Kong after practising prophylactic application of gentamicin cream at the catheter exit site. The following prospective, randomized and open-label study aims to find out an optimal regimen of topical antibiotic prophylaxis in patients requiring peritoneal dialysis.