Active clinical trials for "Infections"

Background: Community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is an emerging pathogen of the 21st century whose incidence as a cause of local and invasive infections has significantly increased, especially in previously healthy term and near term newborns. The etiology of the increasing incidence of infection in previously healthy term and near-term newborns remains unclear. Hypothesis: The incidence of previously healthy newborns infected with CA-MRSA skin & soft tissue (SSTI) and invasive infections is higher in those born to mothers colonized with CA-MRSA. Pregnant women colonized with CA-MRSA are at higher risk for post-partum infection with this organism. Specific Aims: To determine the incidence of nasal and vaginal colonization with CA-MRSA in pregnant women and determine the genetic similarities of these strains. To study CA-MRSA transmission dynamics and evaluate the incidence of SSTI and invasive infections in newborns born to S. aureus colonized mothers. To study the efficacy of attempted decolonization in CA-MRSA colonized mothers in decreasing the incidence of transmission and development of SSTI and invasive infections in their infants during the first month of life. Potential Impact: Understanding the epidemiology of the transmission dynamics of CA-MRSA in previously healthy newborns will provide important information to support the development of strategies aimed at the interruption of transmission and prevention of infection caused by CA-MRSA in newborns, as well as in pregnant women. This will also allow for the development of infection control strategies to prevent the spread of this organism among post-partum units and nurseries.

Due to genetic polymorphism about 15%-30% of the world population have low levels of MBL (Mannose Binding Lectin) in serum (below 500ng/mL). Different studies reported correlation between polymorphism in the MBL gene with low levels of MBL in serum and higher frequency of recurrent infections, severity of sepsis, ARDS and other infections. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the very common infection in women. Since MBL is part of the innate immunity and there are proofs of relation between patients with recurrent infections and lack of MBL, we decided to explore a possible relation between low levels of MBL and different genotypes of MBL in young women and the risk to develop recurrent UTI.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the drug concentrations in the conjunctiva and aqueous humor of AzaSite™ compared to Vigamox® in subjects undergoing routine cataract surgery

The main objective of this study is to assess whether a recently-developed bioassay for the protein FGL2 can be used to predict the progression and/or response to treatment of Hepatitis C Virus disease in patients with chronic HCV infection. The hypothesis is that increased levels of FGL2 and increased numbers of T regulatory cells are associated with a failure to respond to treatment.

The purpose of this study was to determine if the use of daily chlorhexidine bathing would decrease the incidence of MRSA and VRE colonization and healthcare associated Bloodstream Infections (BSI) among Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients.

To assess the efficacy and safety of Tygacil in the usual German hospital setting. The main goals are: to assess the efficacy of Tygacil under usual care conditions (cure rate); to assess the main side effects observed in daily medical practice (Safety of Tygacil); to determine whether patients are optimally dosed with Tygacil (according to the label) and the proportion of patients receiving a monotherapy versus combination therapy; to observe the potential resistance development against Tygacil in Germany; to determine which antibiotic agents are chosen for a combination therapy with Tygacil; to determine to which antibiotic substance non-responders to Tygacil are switched; to assess the duration of the intravenous therapy with Tygacil and to determine whether and which patients receive an oral antibiotic substance after the therapy with Tygacil; to collect information on profile, comorbidities and characteristics of patients treated with Tygacil.

In this project we will study the capacity for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in TLR4 gene to induce varying levels of inflammatory chemokine and cytokine production.

The purpose of this protocol is to provide a mechanism for the ongoing collection of blood and urine samples in newborns that will be used to measure levels of antimicrobial products used in the newborn population where there are limited pharmacokinetic data in either premature or term infants.

We wanted to determine the efficacy and the safety of caspofungin acetate (CANCIDAS®) in the treatment of invader fungal infection (IFI) specifically, Invasive Candidiasis (CI) in adults patients without neutropenia and Invasive Aspergillosis (AI) in adults patients who are refractory to or intolerant of other therapies (i.e., amphotericin B, lipid formulations of amphotericin B, and/or itraconazole).

The purpose of this study is to measure the immune response (how the body fights infection) to an experimental preparation of live Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). A better understanding of this virus may be useful in development of vaccines and treatments. Participants will include 20 healthy adults age 21-40. Study procedures will include drawing blood, urine samples, respiratory exams, vital signs and temperature, diary cards, nasal mucus weight and nasal washes and swabs. All participants will receive vaccine via nose drops. Patients will participate in the study for about 2 months.