Active clinical trials for "Infections"

Every year more than 4 billion cases of diarrhea occur worldwide culminating in about 2.5 million deaths, almost all in the developing nations. Reliable diagnosis of patients with acute infectious diarrhea which could be appropriately managed with antibiotics at presentation still remains a formidable challenge to the clinicians. To address this issue of predicting microbiological infectious etiology for diagnosing acute infectious diarrhea, we would evaluate stools from all patients with acute diarrhea with culture, Guaiac based fecal occult blood test (FOBT), Calprotectin and lactoferrin assays simultaneously. This would be the first study evaluating fecal calprotectin as a diagnostic marker in acute diarrhea

The overall objective of GRACE is to combat the resistance of drugs that kill bacteria and other germs (antimicrobial) through integrating centres of research excellence and using the study of the entire DNA in a cell (genomics) to most appropriately investigate and manage community-acquired LRTI. Grace-01 is the first study to be undertaken as part of GRACE and the aims of this study are to describe the presentation, diagnosis, investigation, management and outcomes for people with cough / chest infection in general medical practice in 13 primary care networks in 12 countries in Europe.

This study is to assess VariZIG™ for the treatment of patients at risk for developing serious complications from chicken pox.

The purpose of this study is to review patients with E. coli infections at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) from September 1, 2006 to August 31, 2007 to determine if these infections have arisen in the community rather than in hospitals or nursing homes. The occurrence of such resistant isolates could be devastating if they were associated with bloodstream infection, such as sometimes accompanies a urinary tract infection, since antibiotic resistant E. coli is not suspected in isolates coming from the community. Therefore, the aims of this study are to: Review whether extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms (E. coli, Klebsiella species and Proteus species) are hospital-acquired, healthcare-associated, or community-associated. Investigate the prevalence of ESBL-positive E. coli in foodstuffs (beef, poultry, turkey, and pork), as a potential source for ESBL producers in the community. Compare the clonal relationship of the genome and resistance plasmids carried by the ESBL-producing isolates (healthcare-associated, community-associated, and of animal origin) and study the associations of ESBL-mediated resistance with resistance to other classes of antimicrobials.

Staphylococcus aureus is not only one of the first pathogens infecting the airways of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, but also a highly prevalent microorganism (>60% of all CF patients; European and American CF registries; (4,25), which often persists for several years in the respiratory tract of CF patients. The purpose of this study is to dissect infection by S. aureus from colonization. Therefore, the following non-interventional prospective, longitudinal multicenter study will be conducted to develop the following hypothesis: CF patients with high bacterial loads are more likely to be infected by S. aureus than patients with low bacterial loads. Primary endpoint: bacterial load of sputum cultures Secondary endpoints: nasal carriage molecular analysis of S. aureus (Monoclonal/polyclonal) serum: S. aureus-specific antibodies, S100A12, IL-8, TNF-alpha sputum: S100A12, IL-8, myeloperoxidase S. aureus therapy regimens lung function tests: FEV1, deltaFVC , deltaMEF25 BMI development Inclusion criteria: S. aureus cultures for more than 6 months within the last year, children (>6 years) and patients, who are able to perform lung function tests Exclusion criteria: P. aeruginosa and/or B. cepacia cultures from the specimens for more than 6 months within the last year before recruitment or during the study period In addition to microbiological investigations and clinical laboratory tests, the actual clinical situation will be evaluated and reported during the study period. The results of this observational study will be used to carefully plan a clinical interventional study. Furthermore, with the results it might be possible to characterize a subpopulation of patients, which is at greater risk for S. aureus infections.

After exposure to an active case of tuberculosis (TB), close contacts may be infected. They are then considered as having latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Detecting LTBI is the main goal of contact tracing procedures after exposure to TB. Until recently, the only test available for detecting LTBI was the tuberculin skin test (TST). More recent tests are now available (Interferon-gamma release assays: IGRA), which are more specific and sensitive than the TST. This study compares the TST and an IGRA in the routine activity of contact tracing in our area.

Surgical site infections are associated with high morbidity and cost Hypothesis: Extended intraoperative hygiene measures decrease surgical site infections in general surgery compared to standard hygiene measures.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between SIRS (Systemic inflammatory response syndrome) and the infection associated with the use of central venous catheters at Critical Care center in National Defense Medical College, Japan.

The purpose of this study is to determine clinical and urodynamic risk factors for recurrent urinary tract infection in 5-18 years old children.

RATIONALE: Collecting the T cells from a donor and transplanting them into a patient may be effective treatment for immunodeficiency syndrome and CMV infection. PURPOSE: This clinical trial is studying the emergency use of adoptive immunotherapy with CMV-specific T cells after donor bone marrow transplant of an infant with immunodeficiency syndrome and CMV infection.