Active clinical trials for "Infections"

Hyperglycemia is a common finding in patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and an independent predictor of mortality in patients with and without diabetes. Though percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the cornerstone of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), the incidence of heart failure, re-infarction and death in hyperglycemic patients remains significant, with a mortality of more than 40% one year after the event. In these STEMI patients dual anti-aggregation therapy is currently the gold standard after PCI, but bleeding phenomena, and therapeutic resistance may reduce their therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, it is likely that the individual response to the dual anti-aggregation therapy, and the hyperglycemic stress, may influence resistance mechanisms, and/or lead to an increase in pharmacological functional deactivation by the microbiotic flora. The term microbiota indicates the totality of the genomes of microorganisms that reside in an ecological niche, and which constitute the "human microbiota". In this context, the analysis of the faecal microbiota before PCI, at hospital discharge and at follow-up, could be considered useful for identifying hyperglycaemic patients with alteration of metabolic-oxidative processes, and pro-thrombotic correlates with worse post procedural prognosis. Therefore, the analysis of faecal microbiota during the STEMI event could theoretically identify hyperglycemic patients with excessive inflammatory and oxidative tone caused by hyperglycemia, conditioning resistance to double anti-aggregation therapy and coronary stenting, and conditioning pro-thrombotic phenomena after coronary reperfusion by PCI. Therefore, authors will conduct a study to analyze the microbiota in patients with acute hyperglycaemic and normoglycemic coronary syndrome. The primary objective of this study will be to evaluate any changes in the microbiota and its activity on faecal material taken before PCI, and after 6 and 12 months in patients with hyperglycemic STEMI, and also evaluate if the changes in the microbiota can be related to the 12-month prognosis.

Stool and blood samples from patients with a non-typhoid Salmonella infection will be collected during an observation period of six months and analyzed for changes in the microbiota diversity and composition, mutation rates in the Salmonella strains and the specific immune response evoked by the infection. Findings are compared to healthy individuals and individuals with acute, infectious diarrhea caused by other microorganisms.

Interleukin33 organize local immune reactions, especially at epithelial barriers. ST2 is the IL33 receptor. The sST2 rate is higher for patient living with HIV and is an independent predictable factor of mortality. Interleukin33 induce tissue Treg ST2+ lymphocytes proliferation and amphireguline production. Amphireguline is member of epithelial growth factors family, which contributes to tissue repair, and fibrose. Amphireguline also helps immunosuppressives functions. Targetting amphiregulin for people living with HIV who has poor restauration of LTCD4+ could be a future therapy.

To evaluate the Quantiferon-CMV test ability to predict occurrence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease o treated infection after kidney transplantation. Patients studied are those already infected by CMV before transplantation ("seropositive"). Patients given thymoglobulin as induction therapy receive CMV prophylaxis with valganciclovir, while those given basiliximab undergo weekly monitoring for CMV viremia with preemptive treatment as needed.

Pregnant women with BMI>40 will be approached for participation in a study to reduce the rate of post-operative wound infection from C-section. Women will be randomized to a commonly used wound product (Kerlix-AMD) which consists of a PHMB-impregnated gauze versus normal gauze, and rates of post-operative surgical site infection will be assessed. Women with a planned procedure will also be randomized to applying Kerlix versus gauze for 3 days pre-operatively to determine if this improves outcomes as well.

1.5. Why this clinical study? The prevalence of seropositivity following SARS-CoV 2 infection might have its own potential benefits in terms of predicting the end of pandemic and the validity of herd immunity. It is not clear if SARS-CoV 2 infection would have a long-lasting antibody-mediated immunity, and if the antibodies' persistence is dependent on disease severity.depends on the severity of illness. If evidence is provided about the persistence of antibodies that is reflective of the protective immune response, serodiagnosis will be an important tool to identify individuals with various risk for infection, and those who are in need of receiving the forthcoming vaccines. The here proposed prospective clinical study will test the prevalence of seropositivity following SARS-CoV 2 infection in critically ill patients compared to those who do not require intensive care unit (ICU) admission or invasive ventilation with respect to the IgM and IgG levels.

It is not known in the literature how much sonication affects the patient's treatment. Another important issue is that the place of this method in diagnosis is not clear. The aim of this study is to contribute to the literature on this issue and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of sonication prospectively using the new definition and effect of sonication on the treatment strategy in terms of infection in patients with PJI.

This study aims to observe the long-term health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and physical performance in individuals hospitalized due to a COVID-19 infection. Therefore, data is extracted from a study-site standard aftercare program which has been adjusted for this patient population. This comprehensive aftercare program includes education sessions and physical exercise. A second aim is to observe adherence and feasibility to the program and if indicated compare the clinical data and outcomes from patients following the program with patients denying to participate in guided exercise and education sessions. It is expected that patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 infection show a reduction in physical performance and HRQOL directly after discharge. The severity of illness is hypothesized to be associated with a reduction as well in HRQOL and physical performance after one-year post-discharge.

In the past ten years, nucleic acid detection technology has overcome the limitations of serological detection, reduced missed detections due to window period, occult infection, etc., and its application in the field of pathogen detection has developed rapidly. Since 2015, domestic blood collection and supply institutions have fully popularized nucleic acid testing. The safety screening of blood sources mostly adopts the method of combining two times of enzyme-free negative and one time of nucleic acid testing, which excludes the guarantee of blood safety to the greatest extent. At present, the clinical pre-transfusion and pre-operative infectious disease screening in our country is still serological detection. The use of nucleic acid detection for infectious disease screening can better realize the significance of patients' pre-transfusion/pre-operative infectious disease screening. Therefore, this study will analyze the nucleic acid detection technology and clinical serological detection technology in order to solve three problems: Explore the best detection strategy for patients with pre-transfusion/pre-operative infectious disease screening; ② Explore the confirmation process of the gray area results of infectious disease serological testing; ③ Better realize the significance of screening for patients' infectious diseases.

This study evaluates a single use point of care diagnostic test in the diagnosis of influenza and other respiratory viral infections in adults. Participants will have a sample taken from their nose using a swab. The swab will be gently mixed in a liquid solution which will then be transferred into the device for testing.