Active clinical trials for "Infections"

Hyperglycemia is a common finding in patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and an independent predictor of mortality in patients with and without diabetes. Though percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the cornerstone of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), the incidence of heart failure, re-infarction and death in hyperglycemic patients remains significant, with a mortality of more than 40% one year after the event. In these STEMI patients dual anti-aggregation therapy is currently the gold standard after PCI, but bleeding phenomena, and therapeutic resistance may reduce their therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, it is likely that the individual response to the dual anti-aggregation therapy, and the hyperglycemic stress, may influence resistance mechanisms, and/or lead to an increase in pharmacological functional deactivation by the microbiotic flora. The term microbiota indicates the totality of the genomes of microorganisms that reside in an ecological niche, and which constitute the "human microbiota". In this context, the analysis of the faecal microbiota before PCI, at hospital discharge and at follow-up, could be considered useful for identifying hyperglycaemic patients with alteration of metabolic-oxidative processes, and pro-thrombotic correlates with worse post procedural prognosis. Therefore, the analysis of faecal microbiota during the STEMI event could theoretically identify hyperglycemic patients with excessive inflammatory and oxidative tone caused by hyperglycemia, conditioning resistance to double anti-aggregation therapy and coronary stenting, and conditioning pro-thrombotic phenomena after coronary reperfusion by PCI. Therefore, authors will conduct a study to analyze the microbiota in patients with acute hyperglycaemic and normoglycemic coronary syndrome. The primary objective of this study will be to evaluate any changes in the microbiota and its activity on faecal material taken before PCI, and after 6 and 12 months in patients with hyperglycemic STEMI, and also evaluate if the changes in the microbiota can be related to the 12-month prognosis.

Objective: It is widely accepted that breastfeeding (AS) is superior to other forms of nutrition in the first six months of life. Breastmilk contains nutrient items in appropriate quantities and a high bioavailability according to the needs of each baby. The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the World Health Organization (WHO) recommend that babies take AS alone and then continue to feed on AS with up to two years of age, with appropriate supplementary nutrition, during the first six months of life. Even in the hottest climates, breastfeeding babies have been shown to have no additional nutrient or fluid requirements for the first six months, including water. In the first 6 months of breastfeeding with breast milk alone (YAS), the incidence of many diseases, especially infectious diseases, decreases and the brain development is better. Despite its numerous benefits, mother milk is not utilized in our country sufficiently. According to the Turkish Demographic and Health Survey (TNSA), the rate of breastfeeding in Turkey was 91.8% in Turkey, while the proportion of babies fed only breast milk in the first 6 months was 30.1%. Infants related deaths, otitis media, lower respiratory tract infections, gastroenteritis, obesity were more common in children who were fed formula milk compared to children who were fed breast milk during the first year of life. Obesity can reduce insulin resistance and hypertension risks later in life. According to the research done by Kramer and his colleagues on 13889 children, no effect of breastfeeding on physical development, obesity and hypertension was found. In this study, whether breast feeding was associated with otitis media in the first year, lower respiratory tract infection, gastroenteritis; in the first 5 years of age, obesity and hypertension.

The investigators aim to study the prevalence of adverse reactions of anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs in latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and determine the risk factors of anti-TB drug-related toxicity in LTBI in Korean health care workers(HCWs).

Studies has shown an increasingly infection rate after splenectomy, and there is a potential correlation between microbiota and immune system. investigators suppose that increasingly infection can be associated with the alteration composition of the gut microbiota after splenectomy. It's investigators' aim to discover if any difference of gut microbiota is exist in patients who suffer from traumatic splenectomy compared with normal people, ultimately aim toreduce and mitigation infection rate through controlling gut microbiota.

Infectious disease leads to deaths that accounted for more than 25% of all causes of human mortality. But the traditional microbiological diagnostic methods such as specimen culture are sometimes time-consuming, and have limited sensitivity. And some bacteria, anaerobes and viruses may be difficult to cultivate and isolation. Therefore, the accurate identification and rapid classification of pathogenic microorganisms is very important for the patient's precise diagnosis and timely treatment. Small-scale studies on the diagnostic efficacy and prognosis of infection in the next generation have been shown to provide early diagnosis and targeted medication guidance for bloodstream infections and respiratory infections, but the larger-scale validation of next-generation sequencing Technology in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases in the human body is relatively rare. The purpose of this study is to provide rapid etiological diagnosis of patients by means of next-generation sequencing, to change the way of treatment of patients under the existing traditional pathogen detection by means of accurate description of pathogens and monitoring their dynamic changes, and to provide patients with more accurate treatment.

Stool and blood samples from patients with a non-typhoid Salmonella infection will be collected during an observation period of six months and analyzed for changes in the microbiota diversity and composition, mutation rates in the Salmonella strains and the specific immune response evoked by the infection. Findings are compared to healthy individuals and individuals with acute, infectious diarrhea caused by other microorganisms.

Consensual antibiotic protocols have been developed and validated locally by infectious disease specialists, internists and emergency physicians, in order to encourage their compliance. A preliminary study was conducted from June 2015 to February 2016, including 622 patients admitted to the emergency department for infectious syndrome such as / Pneumoniae Urinary tract infection Cellulitis Meningitis Malaria Febrile neutropenia Febrile acute diarrhea Fever back to the tropics Angina sexually transmitted infection This prospective study will observe and analyze the adherence of prescribers to these protocols. With description of patients who benefited or not the antibiotic protocol, according to a syndromic approach and analysis of the causes of non-adherence to the protocols. In order to limit the length of stay and reduce the cost of hospitalization..

Interleukin33 organize local immune reactions, especially at epithelial barriers. ST2 is the IL33 receptor. The sST2 rate is higher for patient living with HIV and is an independent predictable factor of mortality. Interleukin33 induce tissue Treg ST2+ lymphocytes proliferation and amphireguline production. Amphireguline is member of epithelial growth factors family, which contributes to tissue repair, and fibrose. Amphireguline also helps immunosuppressives functions. Targetting amphiregulin for people living with HIV who has poor restauration of LTCD4+ could be a future therapy.

Pregnant women with BMI>40 will be approached for participation in a study to reduce the rate of post-operative wound infection from C-section. Women will be randomized to a commonly used wound product (Kerlix-AMD) which consists of a PHMB-impregnated gauze versus normal gauze, and rates of post-operative surgical site infection will be assessed. Women with a planned procedure will also be randomized to applying Kerlix versus gauze for 3 days pre-operatively to determine if this improves outcomes as well.

The investigators aim to assess the effectiveness and safety of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir (SOF/VEL/VOX) for 12 weeks in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients who fail to prior NS5A-containing DAA regimens and HCV genotype 1a and 3 patients who fail to prior non-NS5A-containing DAA regimen in Taiwan on a basis of a multicenter observational study.