Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common serious bacterial infection among infants. Suprapubic aspiration and bladder catheterization are considered as the gold standard by the American Academy of Pediatrics for the diagnosis, yet it is painful and invasive. In contrast, the bladder stimulation technique has been shown to be a quick and non-invasive approach to collect urine in young infants. Actually, the investigators don't have data on bacterial contamination rates for clean-catch midstream urine collections using this technique

The goal of this study is to compare the microbiologic diagnostic yield of pre-aspiration agitated pleural fluid versus that of conventionally aspirated fluid in pleural infection patients. The main question it aims to answer is, whether fluid agitation helps to increase the microbiological yield.

This is a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial (RCT) of a prophylaxis-for-all approach to prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). HBV-infected pregnant women will be randomized to either receive tenofovir or placebo beginning at 28-32 weeks' gestation and continuing through 4 weeks' postpartum. Women will be followed every 4-6 weeks throughout the prenatal and postpartum period to evaluate for side effects related to the medication. Infants will receive a birth-dose of HBV vaccine, ideally within 24 hours. Participants will be followed longitudinally through 6 months' postpartum.

The BREAST-AB Trial is a multi-center, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial investigating the efficacy of local application of gentamicin, vancomycin and cefazolin in decreasing all-cause implant explantation after breast reconstruction.

The influenza virus is a significant cause of morbidity in adult solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. However, these individuals show a suboptimal response to vaccines including the standard-dose (SD) inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV). Recent studies have investigated two strategies to overcome poor immune responses in SOT recipients: (1) administration of high-dose (HD)-IIV compared to SD-IIV and (2) two doses of SD-IIV compared to one dose of SD-IIV in the same influenza season. The first study compared HD-IIV vs. SD-IIV in adult SOT and noted HD-IIV was safe and reported higher immunogenicity; however, the median post-transplant period was 38 months. In another phase II trial of adult SOT recipients, two doses of SD-IIV a month apart compared to one-dose SD-IIV revealed increased immunogenicity, with a median post-transplantation period of 18 months. Therefore, these studies lack evaluation in the early post-transplantation period in this vulnerable population when influenza disease is most severe. The administration of two-doses of HD-IIV in the same influenza season has also not been studied in SOT recipients. Moreover, the vast majority of SOT influenza vaccinations studies have not substantively evaluated prolonged immunogenicity. Thus, the optimal immunization strategy for SOT recipients less than 12 months post-transplant is poorly-defined. In addition, the immunologic predictors and correlates of influenza vaccine immunogenicity in SOT recipients have not been defined. The investigators hypothesize that adult solid organ transplant recipients that are 1-11 months out from transplant and are receiving high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine will have higher hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) geometric mean titers to influenza A antigens compared to adult SOT recipients receiving standard-dose inactivated influenza vaccine. To test this hypothesis and address the above critical knowledge gaps, The investigators propose to conduct a phase II multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing either two doses HD-IIV, two doses of SD-IIV, or one-dose of HD-IIV in adult kidney, heart, and liver SOT recipients 1-11 months post-transplantation. The results of this study will address significant gaps in knowledge regarding influenza vaccine strategies and immune responses in adult SOT recipients and will guide vaccine recommendations in this vulnerable population.

The study will compare the effectiveness of Bezlotoxumab in individuals with active C. diff ( Clostridium difficile) infection who are diagnosed with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

The purpose of this study is to assess the duration of the viral shedding in hematology and oncology patients after a respiratory tract viral infection. This duration has not been much studied in that population whereas it is probably longer than that in immunocompetent patients. Thereby it may be a source of transmission amongst these immunocompromised patients.

The purpose of the protocol is to validate a novel point of care multiplex system to detect and characterize microorganisms responsible for neonatal sepsis, as well as biomarkers of infection, from a simple vaginal sample, in order to improve the prevention of perinatal bacterial infections.

This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study to determine the effectiveness of Mirasol-treated fresh whole blood (FWB) versus Standard-issue FWB for preventing transmission of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). The incidence of pre-defined viral, bacterial, or parasitic TTIs in previously negative participants will be assessed by changes in laboratory findings at multiple time points over the course of the clinical trial.

COVID-19 Viral Global Pandemic resulting in post-infection pulmonary damage, including Fibrotic Lung Disease due to inflammatory and reactive protein secretions damaging pulmonary alveolar structure and functionality. A short review includes: Early December, 2019 - A pneumonia of unknown cause was detected in Wuhan, China, and was reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) Country Office. January 30th, 2020 - The outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. February 7th, 2020 - 34-year-old Ophthalmologist who first identified a SARS-like coronavirus) dies from the same virus. February 11th, 2020 - WHO announces a name for the new coronavirus disease: COVID-19. February 19th, 2020 - The U.S. has its first outbreak in a Seattle nursing home which were complicated with loss of lives.. March 11th, 2020 - WHO declares the virus a pandemic and in less than three months, from the time when this virus was first detected, the virus has spread across the entire planet with cases identified in every country including Greenland. March 21st, 2020 - Emerging Infectious Disease estimates the risk for death in Wuhan reached values as high as 12% in the epicenter of the epidemic and ≈1% in other, more mildly affected areas. The elevated death risk estimates are probably associated with a breakdown of the healthcare system, indicating that enhanced public health interventions, including social distancing and movement restrictions, should be implemented to bring the COVID-19 epidemic under control." March 21st 2020 -Much of the United States is currently under some form of self- or mandatory quarantine as testing abilities ramp up.. March 24th, 2020 - Hot spots are evolving and identified, particularly in the areas of New York-New Jersey, Washington, and California. Immediate attention is turned to testing, diagnosis, epidemiological containment, clinical trials for drug testing started, and work on a long-term vaccine started. The recovering patients are presenting with mild to severe lung impairment as a result of the viral attack on the alveolar and lung tissues. Clinically significant impairment of pulmonary function appears to be a permanent finding as a direct result of the interstitial lung damage and inflammatory changes that accompanied. This Phase 0, first-in-kind for humans, is use of autologous, cellular stromal vascular fraction (cSVF) deployed intravenously to examine the anti-inflammatory and structural potential to improve the residual, permanent damaged alveolar tissues of the lungs.