Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

The overarching aim of this research project is to prevent orthopedic implant-associated infections. This study aims to investigate if PDT has an effect on bacterial skin colonization in order to improve skin antisepsis strategies for the prevention of surgical site infections.

The overall aim of this study is to compare the proportion of antimicrobial prescriptions adherent with prescribing guidelines delivered by mobile phone application (app) versus paper-based prescribing guidelines in both in- and outpatients in six hospitals in Laos. This is an open cohort stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial 3-step trial (4-month intervals at each step) with a 4-month pre-intervention period). The study conducts in six hospitals across Laos. This is 16 months-study. The intervention is a MicroGuide antimicrobial prescribing guideline mobile phone application and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) training; whilst the reference is paper-based antimicrobial prescribing guidelines. The main outcome of interest is the proportion of antimicrobial prescriptions adherent with prescribing guidelines delivered by app-based versus paper-based prescribing guidelines at month 16 (12 months' exposure in each group). Outcome measurements are Point prevalence surveys (PPS) of hospital antimicrobial use, prescriber questionnaires and AMS knowledge survey of the prescribers. Simple random sampling will be used to select the order (step) of interventions implementation for a group of hospitals (two hospitals per group and one group per step). Neither hospitals nor investigators are blinded to the timing of intervention. Open Data Kit (ODK) system will be used as data collection instrument. All data will be kept securely, protected by password access with automatic daily backup. A logistic mixed-effects regression model will be used to compare the proportion of antimicrobial prescription adherence measured cross-sectionally at month 0, 4, 8, 12 and month 16 after introduction of prescribing guidelines delivered by mobile phone application versus paper-based. This study was approved by University of Health Sciences, Vientiane, Lao PDR and Oxford Tropical Ethics Committee (OxTREC), University of Oxford, United Kingdom.

In the Contagious Misinformation Trial the investigators aim to debunk prevalent misinformation about an infectious disease using two evidence-based methods of debunking. The two debunking methods are packaged in two audio dramas of 4 episodes each, which will be sent to the WhatsApp of participants who are randomised to intervention group 1 or 2. The control group will receive audio messages about a different topic. The primary outcome is the reduction in belief in two misinformation statements about the infectious diseases.

Adolescent subjects hospitalized for the treatment of bacterial infections will be given 1 gram of dalbavancin through their veins and levels of dalbavancin in blood and urine will be measured at different time points. Safety labs will also be checked on a regular basis to assess the safety of dalbavancin.

The purpose of this study is to characterize the pharmacokinetics (how drugs are absorbed in the body, how they are distributed within the body and how they are removed from the body over time) of ceftobiprole after a single 250-mg intravenous (IV) infusion (given directly into the vein) for 2 hours, before and after dialysis to patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring hemodialysis or healthy volunteers.

This study will assess the pharmacokinetics (how drugs are absorbed, distributed in the body and removed over time) and safety of a single dose of ceftobiprole in pediatric patients undergoing treatment with systemic antibiotics and may be used to guide dosing recommendations for ceftobiprole in children.

HIV positive women and couples have broad reproductive health needs that are not always met within HIV services. The integration of family planning (FP) services into Tanzania's HIV Care and Treatment Clinics (CTC) will address the fertility desires of CTC clients and ultimately result in the reduction of unintended pregnancies and HIV incidence. One strategy for integrating FP and CTC services is to use a "facilitated referral" model. Facilitated referrals are enhanced referrals for additional services that have been used in other settings and which are the preferred intervention strategy the Government of Tanzania would like to pilot test. This study will evaluate the feasibility, effectiveness, and costs of implementing a "facilitated referrals" intervention by examining FP use among female clients attending HIV/AIDS Care and Treatment Centers. This study will measure whether there is a reduction in unmet need for contraception among female CTC clients after the facilitated referral integration intervention has been implemented.

The proposed studies will examine the extent of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between alcohol and various antiretroviral therapies in those with HIV/AIDS, HIV/HCV co-infection, mild HCV and healthy subjects.

The primary objective of the study is to demonstrate the efficacy of 60% ethanol lock solution in preventing major catheter related infections in critically ill patients.

The approach we will use is to employ measurement of the activation of white blood cells, to look at patterns of responses during a controlled infection of the gut with Mycobacterium bovis. M. bovis can be conveniently obtained in a safe and pure form as an oral vaccine. By giving three challenges of M bovis to the gut, we will simulate repeated gut infections with this organism. We can then compare the activation of cells in the blood to the immune responses seen after each challenge, to determine whether the non-specific defences of the gut can block each subsequent infection.