Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

The impact of continuous veno-venous haemofiltration (CVVH) on sepsis-induced multiple organ failure severity is controversial. We thus sought to assess the effect of early application of haemofiltration on the degree of organ dysfunction and plasma cytokine levels in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock.

RATIONALE: Drugs like liposomal amphotericin B may be able to relieve fungal infection which can be a side effect of chemotherapy. Colony-stimulating factors such as sargramostim may increase the number of immune cells found in bone marrow or peripheral blood and may help a person's immune system recover from the side effects of chemotherapy. It is not yet known whether receiving liposomal amphotericin B plus sargramostim is more effective than receiving liposomal amphotericin B alone in treating patients with invasive fungal infection. PURPOSE: Randomized double-blinded phase III trial to compare the effectiveness of liposomal amphotericin B with or without sargramostim in treating patients with invasive fungal infection.

The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of AP203 preparation (RESCOVIN®) in a group of patients with increased incidence to viral and/or bacterial upper respiratory tract infections.

Findings from an ongoing improvement project to improve antibiotic prescribing for children and adolescents for three acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs: upper respiratory tract infection, acute bacterial sinusitis, and acute otitis media) among pediatric and family medicine clinics revealed performance gaps between the two primary care specialties. An improvement project was then set up to address the lower performance by family medicine clinics. Literature review revealed that, in general, quality improvement feedback was more effective if provided to individual clinicians rather than to a group of clinicians, but very limited data existed for antibiotic prescribing practices actually comparing individual clinician feedback to group (clinic-level) feedback. The hypothesis is that individual clinician data feedback is superior to group (clinic-level) feedback in improving antibiotic prescribing for ARTIs in children and adolescents by family medicine clinicians. The aim is to determine if there are significant differences for antibiotic prescribing for ARTIs and for broad spectrum antibiotic prescribing percentage between an intervention group and a comparator group of family medicine clinics after the intervention starting November 2015 and ending December 2018. A cluster randomized trial was designed for 39 family medicine clinics. The intervention group received clinician-level and clinic-level data feedback monthly, and the comparator group received clinic-level only feedback monthly.

Both the endocannabinoid system and the microbiome are highly conditioned by nutrition and physical activity, and have an interdependent, bidirectional relationship. We suggest studying the interleaving between the endocannabinoidome-microbiome axis and host metabolism under the combined effect of a diet and physical activity. More specificly, we will study the link between the impact of the diet on the intestinal microbiome and the endocannabinoid reaction after intense exercise.

The primary objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of long-term supplementation of an infant formula supplemented with prebiotic inulin-type oligosaccharides on immunological-health related outcomes.

This is a two-arm, randomized, open label, monocenter, controlled study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Viusid plus Asbrip in patients with mild and moderate symptoms of respiratory illness caused by Coronavirus 2019 infection.

Antibiotics are a mainstay of life-saving interventions used frequently in medical practice to combat infections. These medications not only target the pathogenic bacteria for which they are prescribed but also function against commensal bacterial communities that inhabit the gut, skin, and oropharynx. The role that these native bacterial communities play in normal host function, such as in nutrition and host immunity, is only beginning to be explored, as are the changes in the communities and their function as a result of various alterations of antibiotic use. Short courses of antibiotics have been shown to affect the diversity of native bacterial communities, and to affect the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes present. For example, use of clindamycin in human subjects for 7 days has been demonstrated to result in persistent clindamycin resistance for months or years. The impact of prolonged antibiotic therapy on the host microbiome including both those organisms present and the diversity of antibiotic genes has not been studied, and we have very little understanding of the longitudinal effects of antimicrobial therapy on the genetic repertoire present in human microbial communities. In this study, we will examine changes in the microbiota as well as frequency of antibacterial resistance genes harbored in skin, saliva, and colonic microbiomes longitudinally in subjects on prolonged antimicrobial therapy, as well as household members of the person on antibiotic therapy. Previously well patients with minimal prior antibiotic exposure will be enrolled upon diagnosis of an infection requiring long-term antibiotic therapy, such as osteomyelitis or prosthetic joint infection, prior to starting antibiotic therapy. We will examine the microbiota of the skin, saliva, and gut prior to antibiotics as well as the frequency of antibiotic resistance genes harbored within these microbial communities. We will compare microbial communities and antibiotic resistance gene frequencies before, during and after prolonged course of antibiotics in patients on antibiotics. We will also look for alterations that occur among microbiomes or antibiotic resistance genes among household members of people on antibiotics.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the positivity rate of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in high-risk participants presenting with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in outpatient settings during the influenza/RSV season and to evaluate the association between lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) and ARI-related hospitalization in participants positive for RSV.

This is a Phase 1, interventional, non-randomized, experimental infection model study in healthy adult males (N=up to 25) between the ages of 18-35 at study enrollment. The study is designed to test the requirements of predicted N. gonorrhoeae virulence determinants for gonococcal infection in the male urethra through infection with engineered mutants of N. gonorrhoeae. We predict that mutations abolishing expression of N. gonorrhoeae virulence determinants will eliminate or significantly reduce gonococcal infectivity or the ability to induce inflammation in an infected individual, thus identifying potential vaccine candidates. Study duration will be 1 year, and the duration for all participants will be about 3 weeks. The primary objective of the study is to compare the ability of different engineered mutants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to cause a clinical infection (signs or symptoms of urethritis such as discomfort during urination, urethral discharge, etc.) in the male urethra.