Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

Infectious complications are responsible for most of deaths in acute pancreatitis.Intestinal barrier dysfunction and increased intestinal permeability was associated with bacterial translocation which is believed to prompted these infections.The purpose of this clinical trail is to observe the potential capability of FMT in reduce the bacterial translocation and alleviate infectious complications by the reconstruction of a gut functional state.

30 adult hospitalized patients who have infections due to MDR Acinetobacter baumannii will be enrolled. The eligible patients will receive 100 mg of tigecycline intravenous infusion for 30 minutes followed by 50 mg every 12 hours for 7 to 14 days. Clinical outcomes on effectiveness and safety will be evaluated on daily basis up to 28 days. Follow-up culture of clinical specimen from the site of infection will be obtained on day 3 and at the end of tigecycline therapy. Clinical response is classified as cure, improvement, failure, relapse, death. Microbiological outcome is assessed at the end of treatment and classified as eradication, persistence, colonization, and superinfection. Adverse events, overall 28-day mortality and infection-related mortality will be determined. Length of stay will also be determined.

Severe bacterial infections are associated with mortality of about 30%. Patients with moderate to severe bacterial infections given early and appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment are at a lesser risk for a fatal outcome, with odds ratios ranging from 1.6 to 6.9. However only about 2/3 of patients worldwide are given early and appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment. About 40% of patients treated with antibiotics are given superfluous treatment. TREAT is a computerized decision support system for antibiotic treatment in inpatients with common bacterial infections. TREAT is based on a state of the art stochastic model of the domain (a causal probabilistic network) and uses a cost benefit model for antibiotic treatment, including costs assigned to future resistance. It was tested in a randomized controlled trial in 3 countries and shown to improve the percentage of appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment while at the same time reduce hospital stay and the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. The main limitation of TREAT is inherent in the limited information available within hours of presentation. A second attractive approach to improve antibiotic treatment is to use techniques that do not depend on cultures, and thus shorten the time to identification of the pathogen to a few hours only. The LightCycler® SeptiFast test from Roche performs in vitro nucleic acid amplification test for pathogens causing bloodstream infections. The purpose of the clinical trial is to show that the combined system TREAT/PCR assays will improve the outcome of inpatients with moderate to severe bacterial infections, while at the same time reducing the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, with no or little additional costs. A secondary objective will be to assess the sensitivity and specificity of whole blood PCR, using TREAT as the reference standard.

Hypothesis Combination of Boceprevir with Ribavirin in treatment-naïve patients with genotype 4 chronic hepatitis C infection will increase the proportion of patients achieving sustained viral response compared to standard treatment alone.

Developed before the establishment of a structured process for drug assessment, nitrofurantoin is now being prescribed frequently given the rise in multi-resistant gram-negative pathogens. Doubts remain regarding fosfomycin's long-term clinical effectiveness. A randomized, controlled trial is needed to explore the clinical effectiveness and better define the side effect profiles of both nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin. This multi-center open trial will randomize 600 non-pregnant women at three international sites (200 each in Poland, Switzerland, and Israel) at increased risk for carriage of resistant uropathogens and with suspicion of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection to receive either oral nitrofurantoin 100 mg three times daily for 5 days or a single 3g dose of oral fosfomycin. Patients will be followed for clinical and bacteriologic response at days 14 and 28 post therapy completion. The study hypothesis holds that nitrofurantoin will be superior to fosfomycin in clinical efficacy at final follow-up.

The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of two rapid diagnostic tests in plasma, venipuncture whole blood, and fingerstick whole blood. The clinical performance of Multiplo HBc/HIV/HCV will be determined by comparing the results with patient infected status for HIV-1/2 (human immunodeficiency viruses 1 and 2), HBV (hepatitis B virus) and HCV (hepatitis C virus). The clinical performance of Reveal HBsAg will be determined by comparing the results with patient infected status for HBV. Subject participation in the study will consist of a single one-hour visit, at which time blood samples will be drawn for testing with the investigational devices and with approved comparator assays. The test results, which are the outcome of the study, will be obtained only once, at the time of this visit.

This is a study clinical, multicenter, Phase III trial, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tolnaftate cream in the treatment of patients with fungal infections such as Tinea foot, Tinea and Tinea crural body.

The 2009 flu pandemic is a global outbreak of a new strain of influenza A virus subtype H1N1, commonly known as swine flu, that was first identified in April 2009. Large-scale immunization is an essential approach of controlling the pandemic.Vaccines are now becoming available for protection against pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 infection in some countries.In response to the pandemic, novel vaccines against the virus strain A/California/07/2009(H1N1) have been developed and recently were approved for vaccination among specific populations in China. However, the safety and effectiveness of the vaccines is of prime concern to the authorities and the public.This report details the findings of a observational clinical trial of the safety and immunogenicity of a influenza A (H1N1)2009 monovalent vaccine. The virus of Swine Flu H1N1 that outbroke in 2009 is sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors (Oseltamivir, zanamivir and peramivir) but have drug resistant to adamantanamine derivatives (amantadine and Flumadine), therefore neuraminidase inhibitors are recommended for antiviral therapy against Swine Flu H1N1, effect of which is evidence by the data that such drugs do modify the symptoms and decrease the death rate of H1N1 in America and Mexico. However, clinically, the investigators have encountered that this virus can infect resistant strains of Oseltamivir, which urges for a more effective treatment plan. In view of above situations, seeking for an effective measures against H1N1 flu should be a top priority and will benefit human life and economy globally. This Topic will take the classic strategy of passive immunity to perform basic and clinical researches on applying blood fix to treat critical H1N1 patients and collect blood of healthy persons who are inoculated with specific H1N1 vaccines to cure critical H1N1 patients.

Evaluate the improvement of the common cold with the use of medication

The purpose of this study will be to assess whether forced air warming decreases the rate of surgical site infections following cesarean section.