Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

Objectives: This study aims to characterize severe skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in the emergency department through the acquisition of ultrasound images. A wide range of SSTIs will be imaged and recorded, leading to a registry of these infections. The registry will show whether ED (emergency department) sonographers can accurately characterize these infections, as compared to the final hospital diagnosis. The registry will also provide data for a case-control study comparing ultrasonographic characteristics of necrotizing skin and soft tissue infections (NSTIs) to those of non-necrotizing SSTIs. Research procedures: In this study, the investigators will approach patients who present to the Emergency Department with a possible skin and/or tissue infection. Study subjects must be ED patients requiring admission to the hospital for the primary problem of an SSTI due to the need for follow-up. If the patient consents to participating in the study, the investigator will obtain and record an ultrasound image of the infected area. An ultrasound image of an uninfected area of skin will also be recorded for comparison. Patient information regarding personal history, physical examination, blood tests and x-rays will also be gathered from participants.

To compare conventional polyglactin 910 sutures with triclosan-coated polyglactin 910 antimicrobial sutures for the reduction of surgical site infections and any associated health and economic benefits.

Most children admitted to paediatric intensive care units (PICU) need to have medicines given to them into their veins using a narrow tube, so they do not need repeated injections. This tube is called a central venous catheter. Occasionally these catheters can cause infections in the blood and sometimes the tubes can get blocked by small blood clots. Some intensive care units already use antibiotic or heparin coated catheters, but there is no proof that these are better than the standard ones at preventing infections. Most of the PICU's in this country use standard lines. The only way to find out for certain is to compare children who are given antibiotic or heparin coated catheters with those who are given standard ones in a clinical trial. Because we do not know which type of catheter is best, the type of catheter each child receives in the study will be decided randomly by chance. Each child in the trial will have the same chance of getting any of these three catheters: Standard central venous catheter (not coated). Heparin coated central venous catheter. Heparin is a medicine that can stop blood from clotting and might stop the tubes being blocked and infections in the blood. Antibiotic coated central venous catheter. Antibiotics can be used to kill bacteria which cause the infections. The aim of this study is to see how the three types of catheters compare in reducing the amount of blood infections in children. We will also look at the costs involved. We hope to recruit 1200 children in the UK over 2 years. We hope that the information we get from this study will guide policy about purchasing impregnated Central Venous Catheters across the NHS and thereby improve treatment for children in the future.

This study is designed to demonstrate that women in labor become infected without exhibiting any clinical signs or symptoms of infection.

This is a study to see whether increasing the oxygen concentration during and after a cesarean section decreases the infection rate.

Hypothesis: Daily gargling with specific avian antibodies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa will prevent infections with this bacteria in patients with Cystic fibrosis (CF).

The purpose of this study to investigate attitude, oral health literacy and psychological factors in order to evaluate if these factors are important for oral health in adults. The hypotheses are: Multiple interactive demographic, and social and psychological factors contribute to the level of attitude and oral health literacy. There is an association between the level of oral health literacy and oral health status A structured intervention based on oral health literacy can change the attitude and improve the oral health status. Background knowledge has influence on attitude and oral health literacy Individuals with positive attitude towards dental health and dentist are attentive towards their oral health.

To evaluate, in a prospective multicenter study, ultrashort-term heat inactivation for the prevention of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) transmission in preterm infants (<32 weeks gestational age or <1500 g birth weight) under clinical conditions. Inactivation will be done only during the period of infectivity of breast milk, characterized by viral excretion strongly associated with subsequent infection, monitored by periodic virologic examinations of BM and urine of the infant. Thus the investigators hypothesis is that no CMV transmission through breast milk will occur using a gentle ultrashort heat inactivation procedure applied to infective breast milk. The protocol has been approved by the ethics committee of Tuebingen University Hospital.

The aim of this study was to ascertain if the use of Vicryl plus® reduced the number of wound infections after transverse laparotomy comparing to polydioxanon suture.

This study is a single blinded (Outcome Assessors), multicenter randomized controlled study designed to investigate if a silver alloyed urinary catheter with antibacterial properties can reduce the incidence of catheter acquired urinary tract infections in patients undergoing elective surgery. Patients requiring urinary catheterization will be randomized into two groups and receive either the silver alloyed catheter (test) or a silicone catheter (control).