Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

This study will test the role of high dose vitamin D supplementation in prevention of acute respiratory infection in older nursing home residents. The investigators hypothesize that residents on high dose vitamin D supplementation will have a lower incidence of acute respiratory infection that those on standard dose vitamin D supplementation.

Study is to compare antifungal prophylaxis of Voriconazole and Itraconazole in subjects who have had a Stem Cell Transplant. The success of the end point will be measured using evidence of Infection, drug compliance and survival.

Supplemental perioperative oxygen has been reported to halve or double the risk of surgical wound infection. We tested the hypothesis that supplemental oxygen reduces infection risk following colorectal surgery. Colorectal surgery patients (n=300) were randomly assigned to 30% or 80% FiO2 intraoperatively and 6 hours postoperatively. Wound infections were diagnosed by blinded investigators using Centers for Disease Control criteria. Baseline patient characteristics, anesthetic management, and potential confounding factors were recorded. Wound infection rates were compared with chi-square analysis. Logistic regression identified the contribution of potential confounding factors. Surgical wound infection occurred in 24.4% of patients receiving 30% oxygen, but only 14.9% of those receiving 80% oxygen (P<0.039). According to logistic regression, the relative risk of infection in patients given supplemental oxygen was 0.46 (P=0.035). Supplemental inspired oxygen reduced wound infection risk by roughly a factor of two. We thus recommend that supplemental oxygen be provided to patients undergoing colorectal surgery.

Colds and flu cause much loss of work and school. The purpose of this study is to try to reduce the transmission of colds and flu among household members with one of three interventions: some educational material, educational material and use of alcohol hand sanitizers, and educational material and use of alcohol hand sanitizers as well as face masks when somebody has symptoms of the flu. We will recruit 450 households in Northern Manhattan and each household will be randomly assigned to one of these three groups. We will then follow these households for 15 months to see how often they get cold and flu symptoms. We will also look at antibiotic use practices for symptoms of colds and influenza ; household member knowledge of prevention and treatment strategies for pandemic influenza and viral URIs; and rates of influenza vaccination among household members. When someone in the study has serious flu symptoms such as a high fever and cough or sore throat, we will also obtain a nasal culture (by swabbing the nose) to see if there is flu virus present.

The investigators propose to conduct a large clinical study to determine if daily bathing with chlorhexidine impregnated cloths will reduce the incidence of healthcare-associated infections in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU).

To prevent recurrence of invasive fungal infection in patients with allogeneic stem cell transplants

A phase I/IIa, multinational, multicentric (IDIBAPS, IRSICAIXA, AARHUS, VUB, APHP), randomised, balanced by centre (to include participants from the 4 arms), open-label, controlled clinical trial. Each participant will be followed up a different time according to study arm: a minimum of 38 weeks in arm I, 31 weeks in arm II, 54 weeks in arm III and 26 weeks in the arm 4. The study duration will be 104 weeks from inclusion of the first participant. Participants will be randomised to one of the following 4 arms: Arm 1 (study): 14 participants will receive 3 vaccines of HIVARNA01.3 prime, 2 MVA-vectored vaccine boosts, 1 dose of 10-1074 antibodies and 3 doses of romidepsin Arm 2 (study): 14 participants will receive 5 vaccines of HIVARNA01.3, 1 dose of 10-1074 antibodies and 3 doses of romidepsin Arm 3 (study): 14 participants will receive 5 vaccines of personalized RNA vaccine (HIVACAR01), 1 dose of 10-1074 antibodies and 3 doses of romidepsin Arm 4 (control): 14 participants 1 dose of 10-1074 antibodies and 3 doses of romidepsin

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the Target Enriched Multiplex (TEM) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) platform for the rapid molecular diagnosis and treatment of odontogenic deep space neck infections.

While the standardization of treatment protocols for Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) has helped to reduce historically high mortality, mortality in inpatient settings remains substantial, likely due to the severity of complications associated with late presentation and health-care associated infection (HCAI). The purpose of this study is to serve as an important stand-alone description to inform the understanding of the magnitude of the problem and help guide implementation of measures to reduce the risk of nosocomial infection and multi-drug resistance.

This post-market study is intended to assess the performance of the HTLV Blot 2.4 in repository serum/plasma specimens with neurological disorders (n=100) or an HTLV known positive infection (n=50).