Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

This prospective randomized, controlled interventional pilot trial, aims to compare the achievement of the optimal target concentration with continuously administered flucloxacillin (FLU) or cefazolin (CZO) coupled with TDM and subsequent dose adjustment versus standard of care (intermittent bolus application without TDM-guidance) in patients with complicated Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections (CSAI). The overall goal is to individualize and optimize antibiotic treatment in a very vulnerable group of patients overcoming the standard strategy of "one-dose-fits-all".

This randomized controlled trial will compare the incidence of vaginal infections in the post-partum period in women using sanitary napkins, with women using their current methods of managing lochia. 350 women will be recruited from a health center present in Badin, Sindh, and will be randomized into an intervention or control group. The intervention group will receive maternity napkins while the control group will continue to use their current method of lochia management. Symptoms of vaginal infection and patient comfort with the method of lochia management will be assessed by a questionnaire administered by a research assistant via bi-weekly visits. A self -administered low vaginal swab will also be obtained at each visit.

A multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 3 clinical efficacy study evaluating nitric oxide nasal spray (NONS) as prevention for treatment of individuals at risk of exposure to COVID-19 infection.

Helicobacter pylori affects the gut microbiome in ways that are only partially understood. In which patients H. pylori causes severe disease and in whom it merely colonizes, possibly even with beneficial effects, is not understood. The investigators are pursuing the hypothesis that changes in the gut microbiome that can be easily measured in stool have such predictive value.

Rift Valley fever (RVF), a disease transmitted from livestock (cattle, sheep, goats, camels) to humans more commonly occurs in the East and Central Africa (ECA) regions where more than 15 major epidemics affecting more than one country have been reported over the past 50 years. Within the region, there are specific areas, referred to as hotspots, which support RVF virus maintenance via low-level virus circulation between animals, humans, and mosquitoes. Most outbreaks originate from these hotspots. Our goal is to conduct studies in RVF hotspots in four ECA countries, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, and Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) to determine the burden of RVF disease among humans, wildlife and livestock during inter-epidemic periods (IEPs) and discover circulation of undetected infectious diseases. This information is important for use in developing an early warning system and possibly a vaccination strategy. The study will take place in Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and Democratic Republic of Congo

The purpose of this study is to evaluate efficacy of a 14-day concomitant therapy for the third-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection, and whether it is safe while maintaining an ideal eradication rates.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus (CoV) 2 infection and the associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are the most recent international health threat challenging our ability to protect populations, to avoid severe outcomes and to understand both the population dynamics of this new condition and the breath of individual responses. Gathering information on the clinical course of the disease and the risk of transmission is essential to design effective therapeutic solutions and preventive measures. The aim of the study proposed, to be carried out at University Hospital Center of "São João" (CHUSJ), is to recruit and follow-up a cohort of patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, to evaluate the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 cases, to identify prognostic factors and to measure the risk of reinfection. Additionally, researchers intend to characterize the patients and household contacts to describe the dynamics of infection, to calculate household infection attack rate, and to perform the genetic sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 to understand determinants of disease course (namely long-term effects) and risk of household transmission. A sample of participants, identified during the process of evaluation of symptomatic individuals, at the same institution, and negative for SARS-CoV-2 will be selected as negative controls. Participants will be consecutively recruited and the study is expected to enroll patients as long as the pandemic remains. Information will be gathered based on clinical individual charts, hospital data-bases (example: for administrative data) and individual computer assisted interviews to be performed at pre-defined intervals (3, 12 and 24 months) or according to clinical needs. The project was approved by the local Ethical Committee and the Data Protection relevant authorities.

Osteoarticular infections associated with hip and knee prostheses require optimal surgical and medical management to maximize the rate of therapeutic success. Antibiotic therapy should be administered for a period of 12 weeks. Tolerance problems, difficulties in maintaining compliance over 12 weeks, bacterial multidrug resistance and sometimes intravenous administration are the main obstacles to appropriate antibiotic therapy and to limiting iatrogenicity. Dalbavancin is an antibiotic derived from teicoplanin (glycopeptide) with a long half-life, of punctual parenteral administration without a central line, active on staphylococci, and well tolerated. The data in the literature concerning its efficacy in Osteoarticular infections associated with hip and knee prostheses are limited and heterogeneous. Investigators would like to describe its efficacy in a homogeneous series of patients in terms of the type of infection, their surgical management and the methods of administration of the product in order to extend its use.

This clinical trial compares three anal cytology collection procedures (collected at a single visit) in men who have sex with men (MSM). It also compares two different tests for human papilloma virus, the virus that causes high grade anal dysplasia, which is thought to occur before anal cancer. This study may help doctors develop better screening for high-grade anal dysplasia in MSM in order to identify those who need to return for additional screening and treatment.

To determine if BCG immunisation at birth, compared to no BCG immunisation, leads to a reduction in measures of allergy and infection in the first 12 months of life. To evaluate the immunological mechanisms underlying the non-specific effects of BCG by comparing markers of immunity between the BCG and non-BCG groups.