Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

The great diversity of regimens and treatment lines, the different efficacy of these, mostly due to the increase in bacterial antibiotic resistance and regional differences, requires a continuous critical analysis of clinical practice, evaluating systematically the efficacy and safety of the different regimens and the cost-effectiveness of the different diagnostic-therapeutic strategies. This will help in the design of an efficient and optimized treatment that will reduce number of re-treatments, diagnostic tests and the appearance of associated pathologies such as peptic ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding and, probably, gastric cancers. Therefore, the evaluation of real clinical practice using non-interventionist registries will help to improve the design and organization of European Consensus on the management of H. pylori infection, which is the best way to establish healthcare efficiency. Primary aim To obtain a database registering systematically over a year a large and representative sample of routine clinical practice of European gastroenterologists in order to produce descriptive studies of the management of H. pylori infection. Secondary aims To evaluate H. pylori infection consensus and clinical guidelines implementation in different countries. To perform studies focused on epidemiology, efficacy and safety of the commonly used treatments to eradicate H. pylori. To evaluate accessibility to healthcare technologies and drugs used in the management of H. pylori infection. To allow the development of partial and specific analysis by the participating researchers after approval by the Registry's Scientific Committee Methodology Non-interventionist prospective multicentre international registry promoted by the European Helicobacter Study Group. A renowned gastroenterologist from each country was selected as Local Coordinator (30 countries). They will in turn select up to ten gastroenterologists per country that will register the routine clinical practice consultations they receive over 10 years in an electronic Case Report Form (e-CRF). Variables retrieved will include clinical, diagnostic, treatment, eradication confirmation and outcome data. The database will allow researchers to perform specific subanalysis after approval by the Scientific Committee of the study.

This is a Phase III, randomized, double-blind, multicenter, non-inferiority study to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of FEP-TAZ vs. meropenem in the treatment of hospitalized adults with cUTI or AP.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem facing the world, with more than 2 billion people infected with HBV. There are more than 400 million chronic carriers, and 75% of carriers live in the Asia Pacific region. The mother-to-child transmission route of hepatitis B virus is recognized as one of the most important routes of transmission, and recent studies have found that fathers who are carriers of HBV may also be one of the risk factors for HBV infection in children, but as far as the investigators know. Therefore, as a high-population area in China, the purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of HBV infection in this population.

China is a highly prevalent area of hepatitis B virus（HBV） infection, with at least 75 million hepatitis B virus carriers, and 80% of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Liver transplantation is currently the preferred method for end-stage liver disease such as biliary atresia and cirrhosis in children. In recent years, children's liver transplantation has developed rapidly and the number of developments has increased significantly. If there is chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the donor liver, it may cause HBV transmission, or the patient may have a low-load occult hepatitis B virus infection, and after immunosuppressive treatment, it may lead to hepatitis B virus infection after surgery.

This trial collects and analyzes sweat and saliva samples compared to blood in detecting chemical concentrations in the body in patients with chronic or infectious diseases receiving medications. Wearable sweat sensors are capable of monitoring electrolytes and metabolites (sodium, potassium, glucose, lactate, etc.) for health monitoring and disease diagnosis. Designing wearable sweat sensors capable of providing information regarding drug administration may be challenging due to ultralow concentrations in biofluids. This trial seeks to determine if the use of a smart wristband can accurately measure the levels of chemicals and substances in sweat.

This is a controlled cohort study to assess the effect of improved sanitation on oral rotavirus vaccine performance in low-income urban neighbourhoods of Maputo, Mozambique. The specific hypotheses are that: (1) access to improved sanitation is associated with increased oral rotavirus vaccine immunogenicity; (2) enteric infection concurrent to oral rotavirus vaccination is associated with reduced oral rotavirus vaccine immunogenicity; and (3) Environmental Enteric Dysfunction is associated with reduced oral rotavirus vaccine immunogenicity. Pregnant women will be enrolled from the intervention and control arms of a previous sanitation trial (NCT02362932) post-intervention and will be enrolled at no later than eight months' gestation and then followed to 4 months of age of the infant. Blood samples and faeces will be taken from the infant at the time of administration of the first dose of the oral rotavirus vaccine and four weeks after the second dose of the vaccine. The primary outcome of interest in the study is oral rotavirus vaccine immunogenicity among participating vaccinated infants. Seroconversion is defined as a ≥ fourfold rise in serum anti-rotavirus IgA titers between first dose of oral RV vaccine and 4 weeks (+/- 1 week) after second dose of oral RV vaccine. Enteric infections are defined as the presence of ≥ 1 of the following enteric infections in stool: adenovirus 40/41, rotavirus A, norovirus GI/GII, Salmonella spp. (including serovars Typhi and Paratyphi), Campylobacter spp. (C. jejuni, C. coli, C. lari), Shigella spp. (S. boydii, S. sonnei, S. flexneri, S. dysenteriae), Clostridium difficile Toxin A/B, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) LT/ST, E. coli O157, Shiga-like toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) stx1/stx2, Yersinia enterocolitica, Vibrio cholerae, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryptosporidium spp. (C. parvum, C. hominis). Environmental Enteric Dysfunction is measured via a combined disease activity score including faecal markers of intestinal inflammation and permeability: neopterin, α-1 antitrypsin, and myeloperoxidase in stool.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of the 9-valent human papillomavirus (9vHPV) vaccine in men 20 to 45 years of age. The primary hypothesis tested after the primary database lock is that administration of a 3-dose regimen of 9vHPV vaccine will reduce the incidence of HPV 16/18/31/33/45/52/58-related oral persistent infection (6 months or longer) compared with placebo. There will also be an Extension Study to offer an opportunity to complete the 3 dose regimen of 9vHPV vaccine for participants who received placebo in the Base Study, or received less than 3 doses of 9vHPV vaccine in the Base Study.

We aim to compare the effectiveness of cranberry capsules versus nitrofurantoin prophylaxis in preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs) after urogynecologic surgery by conducting a double-blinded randomized clinical trial involving women with pelvic organ prolapse and/or urinary incontinence scheduled to have surgery with the Urogynecologists who comprise the Brigham and Women's Urogynecology Group.

Cardiogenic shock is associated with a high mortality. The microbiome is a double-edged sword which can convey protective and detrimental cardiovascular effects. The significance of the enteral micobiome on cardiovascular mortality of patients with cardiogenic shock is still not known. This study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the role of the enteral microbiome and microbiome dependent metabolites in mortality and disease progression of patients with cardiogenic shock.

Necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI) is a devastating disease that results in a high rate of in-hospital complications and despite advances in critical care, wound care, and early intervention, NSTI continues to be associated with a mortality rate of nearly 30%. The antibiotics used in this treatment are Clindamycin, Vancomycin, Piperacillin Tazobactam; these antibiotics may be administered combined or individually, based on individualized patient treatment. Although one of the tenets of management for NSTI is early broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics (listed above), the duration of antibiotics needed is not well defined. Currently, there exists wide variation in the duration of antibiotics for NSTI ranging between 2-16 days. The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety of a shorter course of antibiotics hypothesizing that a short duration of antibiotics for 48-hours after source-control is achieved will have similar risk of morbidity and mortality compared to a 7-day course of antibiotics post source control. A second aim of this study will be to identify if serum procalcitonin levels/ratio correspond to resolution of systemic infection in patients with NSTI.