Active clinical trials for "Communicable Diseases"

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of the 9-valent human papillomavirus (9vHPV) vaccine in men 20 to 45 years of age. The primary hypothesis tested after the primary database lock is that administration of a 3-dose regimen of 9vHPV vaccine will reduce the incidence of HPV 16/18/31/33/45/52/58-related oral persistent infection (6 months or longer) compared with placebo. There will also be an Extension Study to offer an opportunity to complete the 3 dose regimen of 9vHPV vaccine for participants who received placebo in the Base Study, or received less than 3 doses of 9vHPV vaccine in the Base Study.

This trial collects and analyzes sweat and saliva samples compared to blood in detecting chemical concentrations in the body in patients with chronic or infectious diseases receiving medications. Wearable sweat sensors are capable of monitoring electrolytes and metabolites (sodium, potassium, glucose, lactate, etc.) for health monitoring and disease diagnosis. Designing wearable sweat sensors capable of providing information regarding drug administration may be challenging due to ultralow concentrations in biofluids. This trial seeks to determine if the use of a smart wristband can accurately measure the levels of chemicals and substances in sweat.

This is a controlled cohort study to assess the effect of improved sanitation on oral rotavirus vaccine performance in low-income urban neighbourhoods of Maputo, Mozambique. The specific hypotheses are that: (1) access to improved sanitation is associated with increased oral rotavirus vaccine immunogenicity; (2) enteric infection concurrent to oral rotavirus vaccination is associated with reduced oral rotavirus vaccine immunogenicity; and (3) Environmental Enteric Dysfunction is associated with reduced oral rotavirus vaccine immunogenicity. Pregnant women will be enrolled from the intervention and control arms of a previous sanitation trial (NCT02362932) post-intervention and will be enrolled at no later than eight months' gestation and then followed to 4 months of age of the infant. Blood samples and faeces will be taken from the infant at the time of administration of the first dose of the oral rotavirus vaccine and four weeks after the second dose of the vaccine. The primary outcome of interest in the study is oral rotavirus vaccine immunogenicity among participating vaccinated infants. Seroconversion is defined as a ≥ fourfold rise in serum anti-rotavirus IgA titers between first dose of oral RV vaccine and 4 weeks (+/- 1 week) after second dose of oral RV vaccine. Enteric infections are defined as the presence of ≥ 1 of the following enteric infections in stool: adenovirus 40/41, rotavirus A, norovirus GI/GII, Salmonella spp. (including serovars Typhi and Paratyphi), Campylobacter spp. (C. jejuni, C. coli, C. lari), Shigella spp. (S. boydii, S. sonnei, S. flexneri, S. dysenteriae), Clostridium difficile Toxin A/B, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) LT/ST, E. coli O157, Shiga-like toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) stx1/stx2, Yersinia enterocolitica, Vibrio cholerae, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryptosporidium spp. (C. parvum, C. hominis). Environmental Enteric Dysfunction is measured via a combined disease activity score including faecal markers of intestinal inflammation and permeability: neopterin, α-1 antitrypsin, and myeloperoxidase in stool.

Viral respiratory tract infections (VRTI) are among the most common human illnesses, impacting billions globally. There is an unmet need to identify novel ways to detect, treat and prevent their spread. New wearable devices could address this need, using special biosensors worn by patients. This is a single centre, controlled, before and after, longitudinal, clinical trial. Participants will receive FluMist, a live attenuated influenza vaccine, which will act as a proxy to a viral respiratory tract infection and create a very minor response to the immune system. Vital signs and activity levels will be monitored continuously using wearable biosensors for 7 days prior to and 7 days following, along with symptom tracking and blood tests to measure immune responses. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms will be used to analyse the data. AI and ML will identify subtle changes in vital signs and activity levels from the immune response to respiratory viruses. These data will help develop future methods to address important public health questions related to respiratory virus detection, containment and management. The purpose of this study is to explore whether wearable sensors can detect, track the progress and recovery from viral respiratory tract infection.

This is a Phase 2, open-label, study evaluating the safety and immunogenicity of the 2-dose vaccination regimen, Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo, in adults and children originally enrolled in the control arm of the EBOVAC-Salone study

This is a single center pilot study involving a single study visit for participants, with remote follow up data collected at 24 hours. Follow up at 3 months and 6 months later occurs as standard of care. The purpose of the study is to find out if a new type of imaging tracer (68Ga-DFO) can be used to show infection in patients with vascular grafts using PET/CT scans. These infections may be associated with significant ill health and mortality and can be difficult to diagnose. Effective treatments can require major surgery and long-term antibiotic therapy which may not be well tolerated nor feasible. Development of new imaging tracers that could detect bacteria causing graft infections with PET-CT scanners has great potential to benefit patients being considered for vascular surgery. A PET-CT scan combines images from a CT (Computerised Tomography) scan and a PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scan. The CT scan takes a series of X-rays across the organs inside the body. The PET scan uses a mildly radioactive tracer to show up areas of activity inside the body. The 68Ga-DFO tracer mimics particles that bacteria make to take up iron from the body to help them grow. The investigators hope this new tracer will go to areas where bacteria are causing infection and tell if the graft is infected. The investigators hope this type of tracer could be a better way to show infection than the tests currently used to diagnose infection.

To achieve an AIDS-free generation, there is a critical need for programs which go beyond individual-level behavior change to reduce HIV and STI infections among adolescent girls and young women in sub-Saharan Africa. Informed, Motivated, Aware, and Responsible Adolescents and Adults (IMARA) is an evidence-based HIV-prevention intervention for adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) and their female caregivers, which has been adapted for a South African audience. The study will test whether AGYW receiving IMARA will have fewer sexually-transmitted infections (STI) and greater acceptance of HIV testing and counseling (HTC) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) at 6-month follow-up compared to AGYW assigned to the health-promotion control intervention.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide, resulting in up to 1 million pediatric deaths every year.Since the licensure of PCV7 and PCV13,the reported overall decline in invasive pneumococcal disease in hospitalized children younger than 5 years several years is approximately 60% in Western countries.This is a single center,blind, randomized, positive-controlled clinical trial.The purpose of this study is to preliminary evaluate the safety of PCV13i vaccine in subjects at age of 7 months and above,and to investigate the safety and immunogenicity of PCV13i vaccine at age of 2 and 3 months,compared to PCV13.

Randomized controlled trial of the effect of a single-dose intravenous Vancomycin after catheter replacement for suspected central line-associated bloodstream infection on resolution of infection in critically ill patients.

This study explores how psychosocial factors (e.g., chronic stress, depression) may lead to liver disease progression such as liver cirrhosis or liver cancer among Korean American chronic hepatitis B infection patients. Gathering health information over time from Korean Americans with chronic hepatitis B infection may help doctors find better methods of treatment and on-going care.