Active clinical trials for "Inflammation"

Cytochromes P450, main enzymes of drug metabolism, play a prominent role in the first-pass metabolism of oral substances. Inter-individual variability in their activity due to genetic and environmental factors has been observed and may be associated with adverse therapeutic outcomes (ineffectiveness or toxicity). The inflammation, whether acute or chronic, can theoretically modulate the pharmacokinetics of drugs by modulating enzyme activity. Indeed, in vitro data and animal models, as well as more limited data in humans, indicate a down-regulation of CYP in the context of inflammation. The cocktail approach developed and validated in Geneva ("cocktail Geneva") measures the activity of several CYP simultaneously using micro-doses of probe drugs and facilitating sampling (10uL capillary blood) on a dried blood spot. We intend to measure the activity of CYP in an acute inflammation model (hip surgery and SARS-CoV-2 infection) and chronic inflammation (rheumatoid arthritis, RA). The effect of the biological agent tocilizumab (anti IL-6 receptor) in a treated patient subgroup (patients treated regardless of our study) will be measured after 3 months of treatment. The main objective is to determine if interleukin 6 levels are correlated with the activity of CYP450 in patients with acute (orthopedic surgery - hip or SARS-CoV-2 infection) or chronic inflammation (RA). Secondary objectives are: To correlate CYPs activities with the levels of other inflammatory markers (CRP, TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ); To assess correlation between markers of inflammation, CYP activities and the intensity of fatigue and pain; To assess if tocilizumab reverse CYP activity in patients with RA after 3 months treatment; To assess if SARS-CoV-2 infection modify pharmacokinetic parameters of concomitant medications which are CYPs substrates

To carry out a prospective cohort study of healthy volunteers, assessing differences between baseline pulmonary inflammation, response to LPS inhalation and endothelial function, as measured by flow mediated dilation between, electronic cigarette uses, cigarette smokers and non smokers.

Patients with non-traumatic lower limb amputation are characterized by; high age; majority being men; multimorbidity; and high mortality. The patients comorbidities are related to diabetes and cardiovascular disorders such as arteriosclerosis. Major surgery induces a surgical stress response that initiates a catabolic metabolism. Furthermore, the risk of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) both before and after amputation is high (3) as the most prominent indication for amputation is gangrene, followed by non-healing or infected wounds. This leads to an impaired immune response and an increased insulin resistance that also includes a cascade of impaired appetite regulation, low dietary intake and reduced nutrient uptake form the intestine which increases inflammation, loss of muscle and risk of severe complications. Among healthy adults with a normal weight a slow speed of eating will result in a low nutritional intake due to faster satiety experience. Low appetite following major surgery is related to the regulation of hormone controlling the appetite. Especially older patients experience variations in appetite that affect their eating pattern such as eating speed and intake. It is therefore reasonable to assume that the speed of eating and the total nutritional intake among older patients, who are exposed to catabolic metabolism, are associated. The hypothesis is that major surgery induces a change in patients' current eating pattern that is measurable and can be identified as a surrogate measurement of the catabolic state that is related to inflammation. Eating Patterns are often described in clinical practice without engaging in nutritional assessment of the patient. Whether the speed of eating is an objective marker of the current nutritional status has not been established. This study investigates patients undergoing lower limb amputation and their nutritional status, eating pattern and inflammation and whether this is linked to the current degree of disease. The purpose is to describe the development in nutritional status before and after amputation and to investigate associations between patients eating pattern and nutritional status to inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers reflecting the degree of disease.

Investigators have previously found that the infiltration of immunoglobulin G4(IgG4) positive plasma cells in tumor tissue predicts a poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer after curative resection. Investigators further attempt to explore the possible roles of IgG4 and the inducer of IgG4, interleukin-10(IL-10), in the chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer. In this primary study, investigators plan to observe the dynamic changes of sera IgG4 and IL-10 in peripheral blood after gemcitabine-based chemotherapy and analyze the correlations of IgG4 and IL-10 with the response of gemcitabine and overall survival of pancreatic cancer.

Chronically venous ulcer in lower extremities is a permanent and disabling disease. Venous insufficience is the main cause of chronic ulcer. There is a high prevalence and frequency of the disease, primarily among elderly people. Recently, electromagnetic field therapy has been tested on various diseases in musculoskeletal system with a beneficial effect. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in using electromagnetic field therapy to treat chronically venous ulcer. The hypothesis of the investigators is that the electronic magnetic field therapy improves the healing process and reduces pain for patients suffering from chronically venous ulcer. The investigators assume that the bioactivity is affected by a cellular response which affects the DNA synthesis, transcription og protein synthesis.

The general objective is to elucidate the mechanisms whereby sex hormones may modulate the severity of respiratory disease. An important component of this proposal is a systematic and intensive approach to characterize how the cellular and cytokine components of airway inflammation respond to fluctuations in sex hormone levels. The effects of menstrual fluctuations in levels of sex hormones on inflammation and bacterial load in respiratory secretions of CF patients will also be determined.

In the UK, 25% of the adults are affected by metabolic syndrome (NHS, 2016). Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of different conditions including: hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance hypertriglyceridemia, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. Such individuals also have increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The factors contributing to the development of metabolic syndrome are potentially numerous and understudied in humans, with much of what we think we know coming from animal research. Recent animal studies have pointed towards gut health playing a role in metabolic health. More specifically it has been suggested that changes in the composition of the gut microbiota may drive insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes through a mechanism that is linked to increased gut permeability and the development of metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation. Yet, this link has not been confirmed in humans. This research will look at the relationship between diet, physical activity, sleeping patterns, obesity status and age etc. and measures of gut bacterial composition, gut barrier function and metabolic health. Findings will provide us with new insights on the effect of different physiological and behavioural/ lifestyle variables on gut health and metabolic function.

The aim of the project is to decrease the inflammatory status of pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membranes to delay the initiation of labour that would inevitably lead to premature delivery. The main objective is to measure the mean duration between the initiation of the treatment and delivery in the two groups treated either with MAG-DHA or with the placebo.

Radiation therapy (RT) of the breast is a critical component of modern breast cancer treatment. RT treatments have led to improved local control and overall survival of breast cancer patients. However, the incidence of radiation induced harmful effects is increasing in these patients. This is because in delivering RT, it is difficult to completely avoid surrounding non-cancerous normal tissue, including the heart. The main concern here is that radiation induced effects on the heart may lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease later in a patient's life, potentially many years after radiation. Despite methods that can detect alterations in blood flow one to two years following radiotherapy, knowledge of early radiation effects to the heart is still limited. A previous animal experiment performed by our group involved delivering a radiation dose to the heart in a manner similar to the way a heart would be exposed, during radiotherapy for a cancer involving the left breast. Taking several images over the months following radiation with a new imaging technique, hybrid PET/MRI, has suggested an increase in inflammation can be detected as early as one-week following irradiation and may be the triggering event for cardiac disease seen in women 10-15 years after radiotherapy. The investigators propose a pilot study where 15 left-sided breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy will be imaged before, as well as one week and one-year post radiotherapy with our hybrid PET/MRI scanner. Areas of inflammation, changes in blood flow, and scar formation within the heart, will be measured by looking at the difference between images that are taken after radiation treatment to the images taken before treatment. The expectation is that any areas of the heart that show detectable differences in the images will be directly related to how much radiation was deposited in those areas. The information gained from this pilot study which will correlate the amount of radiation administered to the degree and extent of injury will help aid in the design of new treatment strategies, that can hopefully decrease or eliminate inadvertent heart damage, thereby, improving the quality of life for breast cancer patients.

Recent studies show beneficial effect of the inhibition of interleukin-6 (IL-6) activity on vascular and left ventricular (LV) function. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether anakinra, an IL-6 receptor antagonist, improves vascular, endothelial and LV function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).