Active clinical trials for "Inflammation"

This study evaluates the impact of preoperative high-intensity inspiratory muscle training (IMThi) before cardiac surgery on perioperative inflammatory response. Half participants will receive high intensity inspiratory muscle training and the others a sham inspiratory muscle therapy.

The current study conducted will lend toward the optimization of the development of a food product that will promote a shift towards improved metabolic health. Specifically, this trial will determine the optimal level of protein needed to elicit positive changes in markers of inflammation, metabolic and micronutrient status, hepatic lipid metabolism, vascular function, and the relationship of these changes to the metabolome in school aged children (9 - 13 years of age).

Refractory cardiogenic shock is characterized by a decreased in cardiac output with hypo-responsiveness to increasing doses of catecholamines resulting in a profound tissular ischemia. VAECMO, by restoring a circulatory flow, could be associated to a major reperfusion syndrome which may lead some patients to multiple organ failures and death. Pathophysiology of this syndrome includes 1/an hyper-adrenergic state secondary to the over activation of the sympathetic system and 2/ a major release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. As adrenoreceptors are also exhibited on immunes cells, the pro-inflammatory state might be enhanced by the over-activation of the sympathetic system.

The investigators plan to use amoxicillin in capsule form, prepared by a pharmacist, for antibiotic prophylaxis to decrease the failure rate of mini-screw implants temporarily placed in the palate of patients involved in Phase II orthodontics treatments. The mini-screws will be 8 mm long 1.7 mm diameter titanium screws manufactured by Forestadent and are commercially available and currently widely used in orthodontic treatment in both private practice and educational settings. Since antibiotic prophylaxis is considered the standard of care with traditional dental implants, the investigators believe that such prophylaxis will decrease the failure rate of orthodontic mini-screw implants also.

Nearly 3 billion people rely on biomass combustion to meet basic domestic energy needs. Many households use traditional cookstoves to meet these energy needs, which can result in extremely high indoor air pollution concentrations. Indoor air pollution from biomass combustion accounts for an estimated 3.9 million premature deaths per year, representing about 4.8% of the global disease burden. Improved stove designs have the potential to substantially reduce indoor air pollution exposures. However, there are few randomized intervention trials, and previous stove intervention studies have been plagued by low improved stove adoption and sustained use, severely limiting interpretations of these studies. This research proposes to conduct community surveys and in-depth interviews among Honduran cookstove users to gain insight into the complex pathways surrounding barriers to and predictors of sustained improved cookstove adoption (among the target population for the proposed intervention). This information will be used to conduct and enhance a randomized improved cookstove intervention among 300 Honduran families, incorporating qualitative and quantitative measures of cookstove use and measuring pre- to post-intervention changes in pollutant exposures and subclinical indicators of cardiovascular health. The primary goals are twofold: To incorporate community-engaged approaches throughout all aspects of the research To maximize sustained stove use (thereby maximizing the health impact of the intervention) to achieve valid exposure-response estimates. Both objectives utilize innovative strategies to fill knowledge gaps. The research team will build upon previous studies in Latin America that have focused on identifying and validating appropriate field techniques for exposure and health assessments in rural areas of developing countries. In summary, the proposed project will provide insight regarding barriers/predictors of sustained cookstove adoption, an issue impeding research in this field; assess the relationship between stove use and indicators of cardiovascular health, a substantial and quickly growing disease burden in developing countries; and result in a more comprehensive and valid assessment of the impact of a cookstove intervention.

Studies have shown that certain compounds inside vegetables can reduce the risk of cancer. Carrots in particular have an association with reduced incidence of colorectal, bladder and breast cancer. Compounds in carrots, called polyacetylenes, have been studied in isolated cells that have shown a reduction in cancer cells as well as inflammatory markers which have been associated with an increased risk of cancer. These polyacetylenes have not been well studied in the human body and it is unclear whether they are able to affect the biomarkers of health (disease) including DNA damage and inflammatory markers. The aim of this research project is to determine whether eating a portion of white carrots every day for 6 weeks can lead to a reduction in DNA damage and inflammatory markers compared to a control period of 6 weeks consuming a polyacetylene-free diet and a control food of a high fibre oat biscuit.

This study uses a special type of scan called a positron emission tomography (PET) scan to take pictures of the brain. During the PET scan, a special dye called 11C-PBR28 is injected into the body. 11C-PBR28 sticks to parts of the brain where there is inflammation. The purpose of this study is to see if 11C-PBR28 can detect inflammation in patients with Parkinson's disease dementia or dementia with Lewy bodies. 11C-PBR28 is considered a drug by the Food and Drug Administration. 11C-PBR28 is not a treatment for any disease. Rather, 11C-PBR28 can be used to measure inflammation in the brain.

This is a cohort study of COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammation. It aims to determine the impact of adjunctive Tocilizumab (TCZ) to standard of care on the reduction of hyperinflammation-related mortality in COVID-19. Patients with COVID-19 are at high risk of life-threatening hyperinflammation and death. One in three COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU was found to develop life-threatening hyperinflammation. The risk of death when untreated is estimated to be 50-80%.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability of portable high efficiency particle air (HEPA) filters to reduce exposures to PM2.5 and woodsmoke air pollution indoors and to improve subclinical indicators of microvascular function, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress among healthy adult participants.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of death in the European Union. A large part of the aging process, including immunosenescence, is explained by an imbalance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory networks, wich results in the low grade chronic pro-inflammatory status termed inflammaging. It can contribute to a number of age-related chronic diseases (e.g. atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer disease, osteoporosis). Prevention or delay in onset of chronic diseases can potentially benefit a large segment of the elderly population. Now it is hypothesised that a probiotic drink can reduce low-grade inflammation through improvement of the gut barrier function and gut microbiota composition in elderly people with low-grade inflammation.