Active clinical trials for "Insulin Resistance"

The purpose of this study is to determine whether improvement in fat and muscle metabolism after the treatment with Omacor (fish oils) provides insight into the link between obesity, fat and muscle function leading to metabolic syndrome, which is a risk factor for heart disease and diabetes.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects of eccentric endurance exercise and to compare them with those of concentric exercise in healthy sedentary individuals.

The investigators are studying the effects of Hyperglycemia on vascular function and insulin sensitivity on healthy adults

The growing population of adolescents with insulin resistance (IR) is predicted to create a large public health burden in the next few decades. This study examines the function of brain blood vessels and cognitive function, to test if increasing severity of IR in adolescents is related to reduced cognitive function and reduced brain blood vessel function. Findings from this study may help create treatments to delay or prevent some of the negative effects of IR on cognitive and vascular health.

The human brain is an insulin sensitive organ. Brain insulin action modulates peripheral insulin sensitivity in young lean men. As a underlying mechanism, the investigators previously detected suppression of endogenous glucose production and stimulation of glucose disappearance to peripheral tissue in response to brain insulin delivery by nasal spray. Whether this holds true in young woman is unknown, since differences in brain insulin response between sexes have been reported. The investigators will address this question by combining the delivery of insulin to the brain as nasal spray with hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp experiments in natural cycling women. In the planned randomized, placebo controlled cross-over study, female participants will undergo four hyperinsulinemic euglycemic experiments with tracer dilution, two in the first phase and two in the second phase of their menstrual cycle. On one of the study days per menstrual phase, subjects will receive intranasal insulin administration, on the other placebo spray. The protocol has been successfully applied previously in men. Based on the results of this trial, the investigators calculated a required sample size of N=10 for the planned study in women. These experiments will help to better understand the role of brain insulin action in a broader sense. The results can be the basis for larger clinical trials that address the sex-specific impact of brain insulin resistance for glucose metabolism and diabetes risk.

The investigators have already proven that Mitotic Activity Index (MAI)is the most robust measure of proliferation in breast cancer tissue. The purpose was to study whether 18 and 2-4 hours pre-operative per-oral carbohydrate loading (often given in gastrointestinal surgery i.e. enhanced recovery after surgery=ERAS) influences proliferation in the tumor, serum insulin characteristics, metabolic profile and survival.

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a 12-week jump rope exercise program on body composition, blood pressure, insulin resistance, and academic self-efficacy in prehypertensive adolescent obese girls. Forty-eight prehypertensive adolescent obese girls participated in this study. The girls were randomly divided into the jump rope exercise intervention group (EX, n=24) and control group (CON, n=24). The EX group performed a jump rope training program at 40-70% of their heart rate reserve (HRR) 5 days/week for 12 weeks (sessions 50 minutes in duration). The CON group did not participate in any structure or unstructured exercise protocol. Blood pressure, body fat percentage, waist circumference, blood glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment - insulin resistance, and Academic Self-Efficacy were measured before and after the 12-weeks study.

Current efforts to arrest the epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have had limited success. Thus there is an urgent need for effective approaches to prevent the development of T2DM. It is widely accepted that the current epidemic is driven by an increase in global food abundance and reduced food quality, making changes in diet a key determinant of the T2DM epidemic. Dietary factors can affect cardio-metabolic health; among these factors, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in food are potential risk factors for insulin resistance and T2DM. AGEs are a heterogeneous group of unavoidable stable bioactive compounds. Endogenous formation of AGEs is a continuous naturally occurring process, and is the result of normal metabolism. However, increased formation of AGEs occurs during ageing and under hyperglycaemic conditions. AGEs are implicated in the development of diabetes and vascular complications. Over the past several decades, methods of food processing have changed and meals now contain excess fat and sugar and are most susceptible for the formation of AGEs. In addition, AGEs in food are highly desirable due to their profound effect on shelf life, sterility, flavour, colour, and thus food consumption. Hence, a substantial portion of AGEs are derived from exogenous sources, particularly food. These exogenous AGEs are potential risk factors for insulin resistance and the development of T2DM. The investigators recently found that dietary AGEs represent a significant source of circulating AGEs, and have similar pathogenic properties compared to their endogenous counterparts including the development of insulin resistance and T2DM. Taken together, dietary AGEs are proposed to play a pivotal role in the development and progression of T2DM and its complications. Reduction of dietary intake of AGEs may therefore be an alternative strategy to reduce the risk of vascular disease and insulin resistance. The investigators therefore hypothesize that dietary restriction of AGEs in overweight individuals improves insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, and vascular function.

the aim of this study is to evaluate whether a Mediterranean diet rich in pasta and other starchy foods with a (Low-GI), as compared with a similar Mediterranean diet containing very little pasta and based on starchy foods with a (Hi-GI) is able to reduce insulin and glucose concentrations during a prolonged test study meal.

Type 2 diabetes are characterized by insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Insulin resistance plays a major role for the increased risk of heart disease seen in type 2 diabetes. No specific treatment of insulin resistance is currently available, except from increased physical activity and weight-loss. Insulin resistance is characterized by abnormalities in the use of glucose and fat in the muscle, and is associated with abnormal function and content of mitochondria (the power houses of our cells) as well as increased levels of fat within the muscle. The investigators believe that abnormalities in the use of glucose and fat in muscle cells in response to insulin and exercise can explain why insulin resistance is associated with abnormal function and content of mitochondria and an increased amount of fat in skeletal muscle of patients with type 2 diabetes and individuals with obesity. The major purpose of our project is, therefore, to investigate the effect of insulin in physiological concentrations and the effect of both acute exercise and 8 weeks of high intensity interval exercise-training on insulin sensitivity, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and energy metabolism, insulin signaling, mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in skeletal muscle 4) regulators of storage of fat into lipid droplets and their interaction with mitochondria in skeletal muscle 5) acetylation and phosphorylation of enzymes (proteins) in major metabolic and signaling pathways, as well as 6) transcriptional and signalling networks regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and substrate metabolism. The effects of insulin in physiological concentrations and a novel exercise-intervention combining biking and rowing will be studied in a comprehensive study of obese patients with type 2 diabetes compared with weight-matched obese and lean healthy controls. The effects of insulin before and after 8 weeks HIIT on whole-body metabolism will be evaluated by measurement of maximal oxygen consumption, and well-known methods to determine insulin-stimulated glucose utilization, insulin secretion and use of glucose and fat. Skeletal muscle and fat tissue samples obtained under these conditions will be used for assessment of tissue-levels of specific sets of genes and enzymes known to be involved in insulin action, quality and size of mitochondria, and storage of fat into lipid droplets and their interaction with mitochondria. This project is expected to provide important and novel insight into the causal relationship between insulin resistance, accumulation of fat and abnormal content and function of mitochondria in skeletal muscle in type 2 diabetes. The investigators ultimately expect that our findings will help us to identify novel molecules or enzymatic pathways, which can be used to develop drugs that can enhance or mimic the effects of insulin and exercise, and hence be used in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes and heart disease.